Matching Ethical Work Climate to In-role and Extra-role Behaviors in a Collectivist Work Setting

This paper studies the relationship between organizational ethical climate and the forms of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), including in-role and extra-role behaviors, and examines the mediating effect of employee loyalty. A sample of employees from a traditional Hong Kong-based company was used as a study group. The purpose of this study was to examine the causes and implications of how various ethical work climates affect employee performance. Based on a model proposed by Victor and Cullen, ethical climate is arranged from lower levels to higher levels. The results suggest that lower levels of ethical climate (instrumentality and independence), characterizing a weak relational contract between employee and employer, are associated with negative extra-role behavior. In contrast, higher levels of ethical climate (caring and law-and-code), symbolic of a strong relational contract at work, are associated with positive extra-role behavior. Moreover, normative commitment mediated a positive relationship between caring and identification with the company, whereas attitudinal loyalty mediated the negative relationship between independence and altruism. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. Dr. Alicia Leung is an Associate Professor of Management at the Hong Kong Baptist University. She received her Ph.D. degree in Management Learning from the University of Lancaster, U.K. She is active in researching and writing materials about Asian organizations and management issues. Her research interests include gender issues and feminist methodology, business ethics, corporate governance, and strategic management in the Asian context.     

商业银行危机营销的博弈分析与客户忠诚研究

许霆事件引起了社会各界尤其是网络与法律界的广泛关注,运用博弈分析方法研究商业银行对许霆事件的危机营销措施并得出结论:商业银行在此博弈中应该选择借势营销、开展广泛的营销活动,而不是诉诸法律;在分析危机营销的基础上研究商业银行的客户忠诚并得出结论,最后提出相关建议。     

Attitudinal and Behavioral Aspects of Loyalty in the Screen-Golf Industry

Although screen-golf ranks among the fastest-growing leisure and recreation trends in Korea over the past several decades, a clear explication about the formation of screen-golf participants’ loyalty remains lacking. Filling this gap, the present study attempted to provide an understating of the attitudinal and behavioral loyalty-development processes of screen-golfers by employing Oliver’s (1997) four-stage loyalty theory. Results from the confirmatory factor analysis verified adequateness in the measurement model. Findings from the structural equation modeling indicated that cognitive image induced affect, conative intention, and behavioral loyalty; affect was a significant direct predictor of conative intention and behavioral loyalty; behavioral loyalty was a function of conative intention; and affect and conative intention worked as mediators in the proposed theoretical framework. The results of the present study will help owners and managers of screen-golf cafés create efficient management/marketing strategies to improve their customers’ attitudinal and behavioral loyalty aspects.     

Modelling the relationship between attribute satisfaction,overall satisfaction,and behavioural intentions in Australian ski resorts

This study models the relationship between attribute satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and behavioural intentions within the context of ski resorts. Utilising a sample of 426 respondents, K-means cluster analysis is used to develop five motivational ski tourist segments, and the influence of attribute satisfaction on overall satisfaction is determined for each tourist segment. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to confirm the relationship between attribute satisfaction, overall satisfaction and behavioural intentions. The study found that different tourist segments were motivated by different attributes and it is not necessary for all attributes to be satisfied in order to achieve overall satisfaction and positive behavioural intentions. The results provide destination managers with insights to influence overall satisfaction, manage tourists’ behavioural intentions, and improve destination competitiveness.     

A casino-induced satisfaction of needs: scale development and its relationship with casino customer loyalty

Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this study develops a five-factor casino-induced satisfaction-of-needs scale and examines its relationship with casino customer loyalty using Macau as a study context. The findings show that the respondents’ most visited casinos had only marginally met the respondents’ various inner needs; there is still ample room for Macau casinos to improve the level of their customers’ satisfaction regarding customers’ inner needs. Among the five types of inner needs, self-actualization appears to be one need that requires more attention than the others because it was rated as the need that was the least satisfied but contributed the second most to measuring satisfaction. Additionally, Macau casinos should continue their efforts to improve and maintain a safe and secure casino environment, coupled with providing a variety of quality foods and beverages, for their customers. Lastly, safety and security, self-actualization and physiological needs were found to positively affect casino customer loyalty.     

Self-congruity and flow as antecedents of attitude and loyalty towards a theme park brand

Brand loyalty is believed to be a sustainable advantage for theme parks. Since theme parks represent a man-made environment purposefully built for specialized market segments, studying factors that lead to brand loyalty for theme park products is of strategic importance. These factors have yet to be identified in the current literature, however. Recognizing the potential influence of self-congruity and flow in the theme park consumption experience, and thus its influence on loyalty, the current study investigated the effect of these constructs on visitor attitude and loyalty towards a theme park brand. The results revealed that both self-congruity and flow are the antecedents of visitor attitude and brand loyalty. The theoretical contributions of this study, as well as managerial implications concerning image projection, branding strategy, and park experience design, are discussed.     

Understanding the relationship among motivation to attend,satisfaction, and loyalty of medical convention attendees

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among convention attendance, satisfaction, and loyalty of medical convention attendees. The data were compiled after a major medical conference held in Las Vegas in 2015. A total of 1,091 completed surveys were evaluated using structural analysis. The study indicated that attendee's motivation for attendance was significantly different than other studies that utilized different target markets. It was found that motivation impacted satisfaction which in turn influenced desire to attend future conventions. This study also provides discussions and implications for convention research and industry practices.     

论旅游景区顾客忠诚的培养

本文从分析顾客忠诚的内涵入手,在参照前人有关研究的基础上,分析了旅游景区顾客忠诚的特珠性和必要性。最后,本文针对性地提出了旅游景区培养游客忠诚的策略。     

旅游目的地游客忠诚度研究——以秦皇岛为例

随着大众旅游需求的不断提高,旅游业的竞争也愈演愈烈。提升游客忠诚度,是目的地扩大市场、提高知名度,从而获得竞争优势的必要手段。文章以游客忠诚度理论为基础,借鉴游客忠诚度评价模型,利用问卷调查数据对秦皇岛目的地游客忠诚度进行了测量与评价。在8个评价指标中,游客在推荐意愿指标上表现了较高的忠诚度,其次为正面宣传次数、重游意愿;风险容忍度、价格容忍度、重游次数、未来首选意愿则次之;而重游次序方面则表现了较低的忠诚度。在影响因素方面,满意度、服务质量、感知价值影响较大。基于这样的结论,提出了加强正面宣传、提高服务质量、合理制定价格等建议。     

Do reward programs truly build loyalty for lodging industry?

Hotel brands have sought numerous ways to build the relationship with their customers. Inspired by the airlines’ success, most major hotel chains have developed loyalty programs that reward customers for repeat business. However, the effectiveness of reward programs has been questioned. To explore reward programs’ potential to alter normal patterns to behavior, this research investigates how the timing of rewards affects customer loyalty for hotels and whether the effectiveness of these reward structures is moderated by customer satisfaction. This research also examines whether customer's value perception of loyalty program truly affect brand loyalty or program loyalty. In order to test the research framework, a 2 × 2 full-factorial, randomized, between-subject experimental design was conducted. In total, 209 respondents participated in the study. The results indicate that immediate rewards are more effective in building a program value than delayed rewards. Moreover, the value of loyalty program affects customer loyalty only through program loyalty to the extent that the program provides value to the customer. Finally, satisfaction plays an important moderating role on reward timing. Delayed rewards work better than immediate rewards only if customers are satisfied with hotel experience. In contrast, the immediate rewards in the dissatisfied experience become effective in their capacity to invoke customer loyalty.