全球能源互联网背景下国家电网公司全球治理路径设计与优化研究

全球能源互联网背景下国家电网公司全球治理面临新的挑战,包括：竞争决策机制的本源性、制度环境的复杂性、制度建设的急迫性和利益相关者需求多元性。基于以上挑战和国家电网公司实际情况,从治理模式国际化、治理结构本土化、治理制度现代化和治理措施权变化四方面构建了国家电网公司全球治理路径优化模型,对提升国家电网公司全球治理效率、促进全球能源互联网计划顺利实施有积极价值。     

我国不良资产处置问题的法学分析——基于法律文本与经济法视角

不良资产的处置事关金融、经济乃至政治秩序的稳定。基于法律文本的考察,不良资产处置的规范性文件呈现出立法位阶低、效力不强等特征。政府对不良资产的处置体现了政府的干预,从经济法的视角看,它体现出一种激进的、强制的制度变迁特色,并带有路径选择的特征。从经济法的视角看,对不良资产处理问题的克服应从遵循市场规则、依法监管、完善责任制度。     

Incorporating a tracking signal into a state space model

It is a common practice to complement a forecasting method such as simple exponential smoothing with a monitoring scheme to detect those situations where forecasts have failed to adapt to structural change. It will be suggested in this paper that the equations for simple exponential smoothing can be augmented by a common monitoring statistic to provide a method that automatically adapts to structural change without human intervention. The resulting method, which turns out to be a restricted form of damped trend corrected exponential smoothing, is compared with related methods on the annual data from the M3 competition. It is shown to be better than simple exponential smoothing and more consistent than traditional damped trend exponential smoothing.     

State ownership and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Chinese listed companies

While the relationship between state ownership and firm performance has been widely researched, the empirical evidence has provided mixed results. This study applies panel data regression techniques to 10,639 firm-year observations of non-financial Chinese listed firms during 2003–2010 to examine the relationship between state ownership and firm performance. The results show that state ownership has a U-shaped relationship with firm performance. The Split Share Structure Reform in 2005–2006 played a positive role in enhancing the relationship between state ownership and firm profitability ratios. Although state ownership decreased significantly after 2006, it remains high in strategically important industry sectors such as the oil, natural gas and mining sector and the publishing, broadcasting and media sector. The findings reveal that a higher level of state ownership is superior to a dispersed ownership structure due to the benefits of government support and political connections. The Split Share Structure Reform made previously non-tradable shares legally tradable, improving corporate governance and reducing the negative effect of non-tradable state shares.     

国有企业员工退出行为的博弈分析

建立了国有企业员工退出行为的过程模型,提出了员工退出行为的两个过程即员工心理体验过程和员工与企业的互动过程,并对互动过程进行了博弈分析,指出了现实中员工与经理人博弈的低效率均衡,提出了解决这种不合理均衡的对策建议。     

所有制、产权程度及其财务绩效——兼论国有企业产权改革的方向

本文按照国家规定的注册分类的企业所有制情况,选用效率、周转、盈利、偿债四类指标对各类所有制企业的长期绩效进行了实证研究,结果表明,在多种产权形式之间,国有企业的综合绩效最低;在不同产权程度之间,独资企业的综合绩效最低。国有独资公司恰恰是两种最无效率的产权形式组合叠加。按照国际经验和绩效导向,今后国有企业产权改革的方向是从国有独资公司走向国有控股公司,最终走向国有相对控股公司。     

Efficient learning via simulation: A marginalized resample-move approach

In state–space models, parameter learning is practically difficult and is still an open issue. This paper proposes an efficient simulation-based parameter learning method. First, the approach breaks up the interdependence of the hidden states and the static parameters by marginalizing out the states using a particle filter. Second, it applies a Bayesian resample-move approach to this marginalized system. The methodology is generic and needs little design effort. Different from batch estimation methods, it provides posterior quantities necessary for full sequential inference and recursive model monitoring. The algorithm is implemented both on simulated data in a linear Gaussian model for illustration and comparison and on real data in a Lévy jump stochastic volatility model and a structural credit risk model.     

纽约州支持电动汽车发展的政策举措及其启示

纽约州将电动汽车产业发展作为打造创新经济的先行产业,自2011年以来,推出了一系列系统性的政策举措,包括加强与加快可再生能源特别是太阳能的发展,资助先进储能技术,支持建设纳米级锂硫电池材料制造中心,启动"充电纽约"、"卡车券计划"和纽约绿色银行计划等,使纽约州的电动汽车产业发展和推广在美国处于领先水平。总结纽约州支持发展电动汽车的经验,得出4点启示:一是顶层设计,系统筹划,善于利用与开发本地优势;二是政府组织设立示范项目,引导企业参与投入;三是普适与专项激励政策并举;四是发展目标法律化与阶段化相结合。     

The political economy of state-level adoption of natural resource damage programs

U.S. states can implement programs to pursue damage recovery when firms cause natural resource damages (NRDs). We present new empirical evidence that such programs have effectively reduced oil spills in states that adopt them. However, only 34 states had implemented such programs by 2003. We analyze data on 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1980 to 2003 to ascertain the likely determinants of NRD program adoption. We find that states with many environmental accidents adopt programs more rapidly, while income and interest-group pressure have no significant impact on the process. While non-adopting states might benefit from such programs, at least NRD programs are being adopted most rapidly where they can do the most good.      

WTO内“潜在利益”的保护:一种新的贸易干涉工具

在美国投诉欧共体"香蕉贸易体制案"中,专家组和上诉机构均支持了美国基于"潜在利益"所享有的"投诉资格"。联合国秘书长将此案作为WTO援引国家责任条款草案第42条和第48条的例证。在此背景基础上,考虑到国家基于某些WTO协议所承担的义务具有"对一切"的性质,以及WTO内既存"非违法之诉"的事实,"潜在利益"有被用作贸易干涉工具的可能性。作为贸易干涉工具的"潜在利益",既有利于促进国家更好地履行WTO义务,也可能被贸易强国用作扩张自身利益的工具。