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891.
892.
Using Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (ARCH) method, this paper examines the effects of market reforms on the distribution
of real mean prices and their variability before and after reforms. It is found that market-oriented reforms benefited producers
and consumers alike. Empirical evidences, generally, support theoretical assertion that mean prices decline in most urban
areas and increase in those markets that are located in surplus producing areas. The results also showed that market reforms
lead to more price volatility. 相似文献
893.
An important assumption underlying non‐market valuation is that it is not the environment but the human preference that is valued. This paper attempts to test whether individual consumer behavior is influenced by a purely altruistic motive, examining the attitude of hikers towards the hypothetical removal of the Muju ski resort from the Mount Togyu National Park in South Korea. Data were collected from samples of hikers and skiers who visited the national park. The respondents were forced to consider trade‐offs between the recovery of the lost environmental assets in the Muju ski resort area, skiers’ additional travel time, and willingness‐to‐pay amounts for the hypothetical environmental improvement. It was found that hikers did not take into account skiers’ disutility represented by additional travel time. 相似文献
894.
Giandemetrio Marangoni 《Economic Systems Research》1995,7(4):355-362
This paper analyzes an economic system in which rates of profit are not uniform but differ from one sector to another, and discusses the acceptable intervals of variation of the rates of profit compatible with non-negative prices. The investigation is conducted in a Leontief price model with fixed capital. The limits of variation of the rates of profit are ascertained using a mathematical algorithm based on the properties of Z matrices and dominant-diagonal matrices. 相似文献
895.
896.
张昆仑 《贵州财经学院学报》2006,2(6):6-11
传统的商品价值公式C V m,只能理解为商品在生产领域所形成的价值,而不能理解为是商品价格因供求变化围绕其价值中枢上下波动的那个商品价值.真正的商品价值,应既包括商品的生产价值,又包括商品的流通价值.因为,在流通领域中的保管、运输劳动也是创造价值的劳动;同时,纯粹商业劳动亦是创造价值的劳动.依据这一思路,生产价格应改为"生产--流通价格"或"商品平均价格". 相似文献
897.
An empirical version of the Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985a) call option pricing model is derived, assuming execution price uncertainty in the options market. the pricing restrictions come in the form of moment conditions in the option pricing error. These can be estimated and tested using a version of the method of simulated moments (MSM). Simulation estimates, obtained by discretely approximating the risk-neutral processes of the underlying stock price and the interest rate, are substituted for analytically unknown call prices. the asymptotics and other aspects of the MSM estimator are discussed. the model is tested on transaction prices at 15-minute intervals. It substantially outperforms the Black-Scholes model. the empirical success of the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model implies that the continuous-time interest rate implicit in synchronous transaction quotes of 90-day Treasury-bill futures contracts is an-albeit noisy-proxy for the instantaneous volatility on common stock. the process of the instantaneous volatility is found to be close to nonstationary. It is well approximated by a heteroskedastic unit-root process. With this approximation, the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model only slightly overprices long-maturity options. 相似文献
898.
This study investigates whether the stock market differentiates between firms that file bankruptcy petitions for strategic reasons and firms that file bankruptcy petitions for financial reasons. We perform both univariate and regression tests on a sample of 245 firms that filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions between 1981 and 1996. After controlling for bankruptcy outcome, probability of bankruptcy, firm financial condition, and firm size, we find that, in the period around bankruptcy filing, firms that file bankruptcy petitions for financial reasons have significantly larger stock price declines than firms that file bankruptcy petitions for strategic reasons. 相似文献
899.
This study uses an experimental approach to examine whether markets are sensitive to the internal incentive structure of the competitors. Toward this goal, we modeled the competitors in a price competition duopoly game as three-player teams. Each player simultaneously declares a bid (price) and the team whose total bid was lower won the competition and was paid accordingly. The losing team was paid nothing, and in case of a tie, each team was paid half its price. This duopoly game was studied under two conditions; a cooperative treatment in which the team's profit was divided equally amongst its members and a non-cooperative one in which each individual member was paid her own bid. Whereas the Nash equilibrium is for each player in either treatment to demand the minimal price possible, we predicted that convergence to the competitive price would be much faster in the cooperative treatment than in the non-cooperative one. The experimental results firmly confirmed this prediction. 相似文献
900.