政府补贴、研发激励与新能源汽车创新

通过政府补贴激励企业自主创新,是长期以来政府扶持新兴产业发展的主要方式。但现有研究对该模式能否起到研发激励效用仍然存在争议,特别是在信息不对称的情况下,骗补问题突出,使产业政策有效性再次成为焦点。在梳理新能源汽车产业政策历史沿革的基础上,根据政策特性把补贴分为研发补贴和生产补贴两个阶段,并通过计量检验和倾向得分匹配等实证方法评估其政策实施对新能源汽车企业研发的激励效果。结果发现,强度较高的“生产补贴”研发激励效用远低于强度较低的“研发补贴”,两种政府补贴方式都符合边际效用递减规律。最后,结合产业政策实施15年来的现实情况,提出补贴政策缓慢性退坡、建立可信的惩戒机制等政策建议。     

迈向回应型法：我国科学技术决策立法的反思与完善

我国科学技术决策立法存在明显的压制型法特征,突出表现在公众等外部意见未能充分流入行政机关、行政裁量权缺乏有效约束、《科学技术进步法》对地方立法约束力过强等。该立法模式极大阻碍了我国科学技术进步,因此有必要对其展开反思,结合治理实践中官员“行权”与“避责”的逻辑,将自治型法与回应型法理念有效融合,以此为基础,在立法体系上鼓励基层政府自我规范化,并结合备案审查与规范性文件附带审查制度,确保法秩序和有效治理的协调。在具体运作中,可尝试打破政府对决策权的垄断、引入科技专家和公众作为多元决策主体,参考重大行政决策程序制度建立科技决策程序机制,从而形成符合实际的回应型立法模式。     

政府补助对科技创新类企业经营绩效的影响

以2010—2015年创业板上市企业为样本,从企业经营绩效方面考察政府对科技创新类企业的补贴效果。通过对面板数据进行实证分析发现,当期政府补助对我国科技创新类企业经营绩效有显著积极影响,但影响程度有限,且滞后效应不显著。对于不同行业创业板上市企业而言,政府补助效果也不尽相同。在对科技创新类企业给予财政支持过程中,政府要注意发挥市场引导作用,避免陷入“反补贴”陷阱。     

Absorptive capability and economic growth: how do countries catch-up?

This paper investigates empirically the importance of technologicalcatch-up in explaining productivity growth in a sample of countriessince the 1960s. New proxies for a country's absorptive capability—basedon data for students studying abroad, telecommunications andpublications—are tested in regression models. The resultsindicate that absorptive capability is a factor in explaininggrowth, with the most robust finding that countries with relativelyhigh numbers of students studying science or engineering abroadexperience faster subsequent growth. However, the paper alsoindicates that the significance of coefficients varies acrossspecifications and samples, suggesting caution in focusing onindividual results.     

企业规模、有效竞争与我国技术创新战略选择

在宏观上中国经济要想保持稳定健康增长,必须在微观上加快企业技术创新活动,但是当前我国普遍存在的过度市场竞争,是不利于技术创新的.在我国目前市场经济发展初级阶段,促进技术创新的最核心战略就是形成有效竞争市场环境,本文结合我国产业组织结构的现状,研究企业形成规模与促进我国技术创新之间的关系.     

加强技术创新促进经济增长

21世纪,科学技术日新月异,以信息技术、生物技术为代表的高新技术及其产业迅猛发展。在以经济实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力为主要内容的综合国力竞争中,能否在高新技术及其产业化领域占据一席之地已成为竞争的焦点,成为维护国家主权和经济安全的命脉所在。实践证明,科技进步、高新技术及其产业已成为经济增长最重要的源泉,技术创新对社会发展和进步具有决定性的作用。     

Measuring productivity growth when technological change is biased–a new index and an application to UK agriculture

Productivity growth is conventionally measured by indices representing discreet approximations of the Divisia TEP index under the assumption that technological change is Hicks-neutral. When this assumption is violated, these indices are no longer meaningful because they conflate the effects of factor accumulation and technological change. We propose a way of adjusting the conventional TFP index that solves this problem. The method adopts a latent variable approach to the measurement of technical change biases that provides a simple means of correcting product and factor shares in the standard Tornqvist-Theil TFP index. An application to UK agriculture over the period 1953–2000 demonstrates that technical progress is strongly biased. The implications of that bias for productivity measurement are shown to be very large, with the conventional TFP index severely underestimating productivity growth. The result is explained primarily by the fact that technological change has favoured the rapidly accumulating factors against labour, the factor leaving the sector.     

Book Reviews

Technological Innovation: University Roles. The Association of Commonwealth Universities, London
Eurotronics—European Working Party for Forecasting Electronics Markets
Micro Electronics in Western Europe—The Medium Term Perspective 1983–1987, K. P. Friebe and A. Gerybadze (Eds)
New Product Development in Engineering: A Comparison of the British and West German Machine Tool Industries. Stephen T. Parkinson
Stakeholders of the Organizational Mind. I. I. Mitroff.
How companies manage R&D. Niall Lothian. Published by Institute of Cost and Management Accountants, March 1984
The financial side of industrial research management. Lynn W. Ellis. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
The costs of evaluation, edited by Marvin C. Atkin and Lewis C. Solmon.
Personal-Management in der industriellen Forschung and Entwicklung, edited by Michel Domsch and Eduard Jochum. Carl Heymanns Verlag, Cologne
Managing Interdisciplinary Research. Edited by Epton, Payne and Pearson. John Wiley
Optimisation Models for Strategic Planning, edited by T. H. Naylor and C. Thomas
The Next Industrial Revolution—Reviving Industry Through Innovation. Robert U. Ayres.
Management Compensation in High Technology Companies. Jay Schuster.
A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. Donald Hill.     

Towards a dynamic theory of transactions

Standard transaction cost economics (TCE) considers transactions from the perspective of static efficiency. Increasingly, attention is required to dynamic efficiency; to capabilities to exploit transaction relations for innovation. Since innovation is dependent on knowledge and learning, the step from the statics to the dynamics of exchange requires and understanding of the development and acquisition of knowledge, preferences, and meaning, and the role in that of interaction between transaction partners. As a step towards this, the article provides an exploration of theories of knowledge and knowledge development, the relation to language, the role of intersubjective relations, the connection with evolutionary theory and the implications for transaction cost theory.This article is a revised version ofCognition, Evolution and Dynamics in Transaction Cost Theory, research report 90-08, 1990, School of Management and Organization, presented at a conference of the Society for the Advancement of Socio Economics (SASE), Stockholm, June 1991     

制造业工匠精神与科技创新能力耦合关系及区域差异研究——基于全国内地31个省级区域面板数据的分析

科技创新是实施创新驱动发展战略、实现新冠肺炎疫情背景下制造业逆势上扬的必然要求，而科技创新离不开工匠精神的践行。基于改进后的熵值法，构建工匠精神与科技创新能力评价指标体系，引入耦合协调度模型对2011-2018年中国内地31个省级区域制造业工匠精神与科技创新能力测度结果进行分析，并利用变差系数和泰尔指数考察两者耦合协调水平的区域差异。结果表明：我国内地31个省级区域工匠精神水平和科技创新能力显著提升，两者协调发展关系明显，但与实现良好协调发展尚有一定差距。其中，东部地区协调程度最高；四大区域间耦合协调度总体差异变化虽然相对较大，但呈缩小趋势；省域协调差异逐渐缩小，区域间协调差异缩小程度大于区域内缩小程度，区域内贡献率远高于区域间贡献率。