Carbon leakage revisited: unilateral climate policy with directed technical change

Using a stylized theoretical model, we argue that current economic analyses of climate policy tend to over-estimate the degree of carbon leakage, as they abstract from the effects of induced technological change. We analyse carbon leakage in a two-country model with directed technical change, where only one of the countries enforces an exogenous cap on emissions. Climate policy induces changes in relative prices, that cause carbon leakage through a terms-of-trade effect. However, these changes in relative prices also affect the incentives to innovate in different sectors. This leads to a counterbalancing induced-technology effect, which always reduces carbon leakage. We therefore conclude that the leakage rates reported in the literature may be too high, as these estimates neglect the effect of price changes on the incentives to innovate.      

东盟自由贸易区形成与发展的经济效应分析

自东盟自由贸易区形成以来,随着《共同有效优惠关税》等协定计划的制定与落实,其不仅产生了使区内各成员国之间以对外贸易流量的增长速度加快和部分地优化了区内贸易的商品结构并进而有助于实现"贸易重整"等方面的静态经济效应;而且也取得了产业内贸易和产业间贸易水平也得到了一定程度提高的动态经济效应。然而由于区内产业与贸易结构雷同化情况严重,再加之又缺乏似欧盟那样的"共同精神,"因而从总体上看,东盟自由贸易区的一体化效应还是有待进一步提升的。     

对国际贸易中补贴与反补贴措施的法律经济学解析

补贴与反补贴措施是WTO协定中规定的促进与保护国际贸易的合法措施.补贴问题在国际贸易纠纷中有时并非单纯的法律问题而受到政治因素和两国贸易关系的影响,以此为基础.通过对补贴和反补贴措施进行经济学分析和法学分析,并结合国际贸易政策和理论的历史发展对补贴问题进行研究.认为补贴与反补贴问题的本质是自由贸易理论与贸易保护主义理论的双重产物.正确认识补贴与反补贴问题的本质是正确适用补贴与反补贴措施,促进国际贸易、保护国内产业的有力的理论保障.     

国际产业结构的趋同与贸易摩擦的博弈分析

国际贸易理论阐释了在完全分工与贸易互利性的双赢理念.现实的国际贸易实践却是:在关乎国计民生具有重要战略意义的农业以及能带来高额利润的高科技产业和其它产业,出现了国与国之间同构的现象.出口相似性指数和产品相似系数都显示了这种同构日趋严重,文中的博弈模型论证了产业结构的同构引发了国际市场上激烈的竞争,致使各国之间的贸易摩擦风起云涌,呈现出广泛性的特征.     

区域创新效率提升之道:选择性保护还是全面开放

在SNA框架（2008）下科学测算地区R&D资本存量,并利用网络DEA方法测度区域创新效率,以此为基础,利用空间面板模型考察2000—2015年我国各区域对内对外贸易开放对创新效率的影响。结果发现：东部地区创新效率明显高于中西部地区;对外贸易开放度、对内贸易开放度提高均能显著提升区域创新综合效率。不同的是,对外贸易开放度能够促进区域知识创新效率提升,而对内贸易开放度主要提高了区域科技成果商业化效率;从地区影响看,对外贸易开放主要对东部地区创新综合效率具有提升作用,对内贸易开放则主要提升了中、西部地区创新综合效率。基于此,为更好地促进区域创新效率提升,提出相应政策建议。     

中国及"一带一路"沿线主要国家进口贸易与创新研发关系研究

“一带一路”创新共同体建设过程中存在较强的行政化特征,创新合作以直接技术转移等援助型方式展开,那么,区域内进口贸易能否充实“一带一路”建设实质内容、转变合作方式、提高创新研发整体水平？研究发现,区域内国家创新研发水平是非对称的,拥有先进技术的国家对提高区域整体创新研发水平作出了贡献,扩大进口的贸易政策是国家创新研发的正向激励,但需要提供完善的风险保障机制;进口中间品、最终品提高了进口国创新研发强度,进口最终品缩小了两国之间创新研发差距,这有利于提高区域内创新研发整体水平;进口贸易可以通过要素禀赋结构调整效应、技术溢出效应、质量提升效应影响创新研发,其中技术溢出效应是主要途径。     

The Role of Trade Negotiating Objectives in TPA-2015 Voting

This paper analyzes 2015-TPA voting patterns of Congress in the context of the trade negotiating objectives. By setting them Congress lays out important trade agenda that the administration is expected to address when it is negotiating trade deals with foreign countries. Therefore it is an important part of the TPA. The probit model is used to evaluate the importance of each objective in Congress’s voting decision. The objective of promoting U.S. exports in agriculture, transportation equipment and metal affected the voting decision. Also the issues of labour rights and intellectual property rights mattered.     

Strategic Distortion of the Objectives of Trade Policy

Abstract

By employing a simple three-country model in which there are two exporting countries and one consuming country, this paper analyses the consequences of one-country strategic distortion of the objectives of trade policy. It finds that although an exporting country can benefit from strategic distortion, it would be preferred that the importing country distorts its policy. Furthermore, it is found that preferential trading agreements can emerge endogenously.     

Transport Modal Choice by Multinational Firms: Firm-level Evidence from Southeast Asia

The impacts of trade liberalization on poverty status of farm households in Africa often come through its effects on prices, government revenues, and employment, among other things. For the case of Ethiopia, the main channel through which trade liberalization affects farm households is changes in the prices of inputs and outputs. The aim of this study is to empirically examine the impacts of trade reform on poverty status in rural Ethiopia. The results show that, although households’ resource endowment had consistent and significant improvement impacts, trade liberalization had mixed effects on change in poverty status. As a result of trade liberalization, contrary to expectation, changes in the prices of cash crops (i.e. chat and coffee) had increased the probability of remaining poor and falling into poverty. On the other hand, changes in the relative prices of staple food crops (i.e. teff and wheat), together with access to credit and schools, had increased the probability of escaping poverty and remaining above the poverty line.     

中美贸易失衡与人民币汇率“操纵”——基于汇率与贸易收支关系的实证研究

基于2002年1月至2011年12月的月度数据,运用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型,分别从总体和分行业的角度,探讨人民币兑美元实际汇率、汇率波动率与中美贸易收支之间的关系。研究结果表明,无论长期还是短期,人民币汇率水平和汇率波动率对中美两国之间总体和分行业贸易收支差额均不会产生显著影响。该结论意味着无论长期还是短期,中国政府都无法通过汇率操纵来达到扩大中美贸易收支顺差的目的。