上海市基本养老保险制度三大改革的基金精算评估

上海市为应对人口老龄化危机下城保的财务危机，实施了扩大覆盖面、延迟退休年龄和计发办法三大改革。PLT—M精算模型显示：扩大覆盖面和延迟退休年龄改革通过改善制度内赡养比发挥作用，前中期改善效果明显，之后改善逐年减弱，在长期反而会出现恶化现象，其中，整合综保对统筹账户具有持续性贡献；计发办法改革通过降低退休金水平改善代际核算平衡，前期改善程度最小，改善功能逐年加大。     

意大利应对老龄化问题的对策及其启示

在全球老龄化的趋势下，意大利也面临着老龄化严重问题，其老龄化率居欧洲各国之首。意大利在应对老龄化方面采取了一些积极的具体做法，积累了经验，如，改革养老金制度，出台灵活的就业市场政策以及提供老年职业培训等。目前，我国也正面临着老龄化问题的严峻挑战，意大利的做法和经验可为我国决策者提供参考。     

The impact of cash transfers on household welfare in Namibia

Namibia has a long history of providing a universal and non-contributory old age pension, child grants using means testing and quasi-conditionalities, and other cash transfers. Multivariate analysis presented in this paper confirms that these transfers play an important role in alleviating poverty, especially for the very poor. The poverty-reducing effects of the child grants are likely to increase further as access is being rapidly expanded. However, the impact in terms of reducing Namibia's extremely high inequality is limited. The targeting of the cash transfers towards the poorest groups takes place through two main channels. For the child grant, targeting occurs as a result of the orphan status eligibility criteria, as orphans are over-represented in lower-income households. For the universal social pension, it appears that some of the relatively less poor do not receive it even if they are eligible. Means testing of child grants appears ineffective, even without considering administrative costs.     

The influence of pension funds on corporate governance

Although pension funds have gained importance in the last two decades, their role has not been described in detail by economic models. This article focuses on the scope of these institutional investors when they are not satisfied with a management team of a company in which the pension fund holds a block of shares. Stock holdings by pension funds are largely dispersed. Therefore, any intervention by pension funds in corporate governance requires the formation of a coalition of pension funds. The realization of a coordinated intervention, in turn, is subject to the problems related to the provision of public goods, such as free riding. We find that the stock dispersion and the combined share of pension funds, coordination costs and the attractiveness of the exit option are relevant factors for determining the probability of the success of interventions.     

基本养老金替代率合意水平研究——以上海市城镇居民为例

社会保障制度是人类社会文明进步的标志,社会养老保险是其中一项重要制度,其建立对社会的平稳发展有重要影响.在人口老龄化日益深化的时期,及时有效地对社会养老保险制度进行改革势在必行.在改革过程中,对基本养老金替代率的合意水平进行研究具有深远意义.以上海市城镇居民为例,建立基本养老金收支平衡模型,将计算出的合意供给替代率与现实需求替代率进行对比.结果对比发现,需求与供给难以匹配,对不匹配的基本原因进行分析,并在此基础上提出相应对策.     

新疆生产建设兵团养老保险运行机制分析

新疆建设兵团在20世纪50-60年代建立了养老保险制度。兵团的养老保险制度在维护团场职工权益、维持兵团稳定和发展等方面发挥了难以替代的作用。随着市场经济的深入发展,兵团养老保险受到一系列因素的制约,难以良性运行。文章全面描述了新疆生产建设兵团养老保险的制度构架和运行状况,尤其分析了老龄化和养老金支付能力弱等问题给兵团养老保险健康发展带来的不利影响。文章在此基础上提出促进兵团养老保险制度平稳运行的意见和建议。     

企业年金EET税收优惠模式下的免税率与征税率研究

税收优惠模式不明与力度不足是制约我国企业年金发展的主要因素之一。本文在国内学者普遍认为EET是我国企业年金最佳模式的基础上，建立了企业年金基金平衡模型，测算实现目标替代率最优参数组合下的缴费率为8．52％，即EET模式下企业年金缴费环节的免税率；构建EET模式的精算模型，估算出EET模式下企业年金待遇给付环节的征税率为23．2％；最后指出我国应尽快明确企业年金税收模式、科学精算税优模式下的企业年金各环节的免、征税率。     

An Examination of ERR and Asset Allocation in Public Pension Plans

In this paper, we examine the usefulness of expected rates of return (ERR) for public pension plans. Specifically, we test the correlation between the expected rate of return on plan assets and asset allocation. We also examine the predictive power of ERR on the actual returns of the pension assets. We find that the correlation between expected return and the percentage of assets that are equity securities is relatively weak. Further, we find that the percentage of assets that are equity securities is a much better predictor of actual returns than the disclosed expected return in public pension plans. These results provide evidence to support SFAS No. 87 , which requires the disclosure of plan assets and against recently promulgated SFAS No. 132 , which eliminates this disclosure requirement. The evidence also supports GASB 25'sStatement of Net Plan Assets .     

China＇s Urban and Rural Old Age Security System： Challenges and Options

I. Introduction In the process of economic transition, China has adopted an urban-priority reform approach in establishing its old age security system, which conforms to international development experiences. China’s rapid aging of people with low-incomes, however, is unprecedented compared with other developed or developing countries. The urban-priority reform ensures a relatively high coverage in urban areas, whereas it imposes a heavy burden ofold age support on rural households. Current …     

江苏应对人口老龄化问题的政策研究报告

对南京、扬州、张家港等地老年人的生存和精神状况进行实地调研，深度剖析江苏人口老龄化问题及其相关政策。江苏城镇养老服务社会化工作已初见成效，但是存在老年社会保障财政压力渐显、老年社会保障差异化加剧、现行老年保障体系呈现“碎片化”状态等问题。针对现存问题，提出完善江苏老年社会保障体系的对策和路径。