有关知识产权保护的新思考

知识产权的制度经济学派从不同角度论证了知识产权保护可以提高资源配置效率.知识产权应该保护毋庸置疑,但是知识财产本身的特性决定了知识产权保护具有两面性.     

Regional airport choice: Consumer behaviour and policy implications

The analysis of origin airports in multi-airport regions has a well established tradition in transportation and regional economics. The main goal of the paper is to estimate the importance of the different attributes that determine origin airport choice. In our case we adopt a stated preference approach to study this problem and evaluate the effects of possible policy interventions. We also perform a detailed segmentation of the sample studied according to the socio-economic variables that prove statistically relevant when interacted with the attributes used to characterise airport choice. Moreover, in order to test for the presence of heterogeneity in agents’ preferences we estimate several mixed logit models with different specifications, including heteroscedasticity and error component. With respect to previous studies we develop and extend the traditional SP approach by also analysing the role and relevance of attribute cut-offs in this research field. The policy simulations produced are based on the estimation of airport-specific attributes. The study concentrates on a multi-airport region in central Italy where four competing airports are located.     

利益集团、行为偏好与黄宗羲定律——中国封建王朝更替动因的经济学分析

中国封建社会特殊的社会结构下,封建王朝在其演进过程中,农民集团和官僚集团之间的利益博弈对税赋改革的影响会导致＂黄宗羲定律＂的形成。税赋愈改愈重使得农民在当朝所能获得的效用随时间的推移而降低,从而导致农民预期起义成本的降低,当这种预期成本下降到一定水平后,农民集团会采取有效的集团行动并转向对新的政治体制的寻求,最终完成朝代的更替。这一过程可以运用经济学的基本理论,并建立适当模型,从而对中国社会特有的王朝更替现象进行解释。     

农民的土地产权偏好及其影响因素研究

利用2005年全国城乡居民生活综合研究中的农村数据,分析了农民的土地产权偏好及其影响因素。从偏好的分布来看,有37.2%的农民偏好土地调整,而62.8%的农民偏好稳定的土地产权,但他们对永久土地使用权的偏好(23.9%)并不太强烈。农民的土地产权偏好主要受个体、家庭和社区三类解释变量的影响,从研究结果来看,土地情结说难以成立,而政策变量的影响不确定;理性小农的特点虽然明显,但不能解释全部;村庄社区变量对农民的偏好有重要影响,但呈减弱的趋势;区域因素也会影响农民的偏好。因此,在较长时期内,土地调整的压力依然很大,但在农民认同、规则明确的条件下,村组内部的土地调整与产权稳定可以相容。     

IASB《公允价值计量》会计准则评价

IASB近期发布的<公允价值计量>会计准则征求意见稿,其内容涉及公允价值的定义、范围、计量方法和披露要求,尤其规范了不活跃市场下公允价值计量问题.IASB新颁布的<公允价值计量>会计准则更清楚地表达了公允价值的计量目标,为国际财务报告准则要求的所有以公允价值计量的交易事项建立了统一的应用指南,减少了准则运用的复杂性并提...     

农村区域性公共品有效供给的新视角——基于浙江村级公共品供给的调研

实现农村公共品有效供给一直是三农问题关注的焦点,而且政府承担着主要的供给责任。对于具有需求偏好差异的农村区域性公共品而言,政府完全主导的供给模式却是导致效率损失的主要原因。正是基于这一点考虑,并结合浙江省村级公共品的调研,本文提出实现农村区域性公共品有效供给的新模式———政府诱导供给模式,即通过税收惠免、财政奖补等激励政策,诱导私人或村集体积极参与农村区域性公共品供给,弥补县级政府效率损失。     

Using choice experiments to value catchment and estuary health in Tasmania with individual preference heterogeneity*

Choice experiments (CE) have become widespread as an approach to environmental valuation in both Australia and overseas. However, there are few valuation studies that have addressed natural resource management (NRM) changes in Tasmania. Furthermore, few studies have focussed on the estimation of estuary values. The CE study described in this paper aims to analyse community preferences for NRM options in the George catchment, Tasmania. Catchment health attributes were: the length of native riverside vegetation; the number of rare native animal and plant species in the George catchment; and area of healthy seagrass beds in the Georges Bay, which was used as a measure of estuary condition. Mixed logit models with interactions between socio‐economic variables and the choice attributes were estimated to account for systematic and random taste heterogeneity across respondents. Results reveal considerable variation in preferences towards the attributes and show that value estimates are significantly impacted by the way in which we account for preference heterogeneity. Preference heterogeneity thus needs to be considered when estimating community willingness‐to‐pay for environmental changes. This study further shows little responsiveness to the presented changes in estuary seagrass area.     

Estimating the Private Economic Benefits of Sons Versus Daughters in India

In order to understand the economic incentives behind gender discrimination in India, this paper provides the first estimates of the magnitude of the economic benefits of having a son instead of a daughter. The study estimates large gains from a first-born son to per capita income and expenditure, household assets, and a reduction in the probability the household is below the poverty line. Estimates show that a first-born son may provide economic advantages through a reduction in total children born and also from an adult son’s labor supply contribution to his parents’ household. The observed pattern of incentives is also compared with observed patterns in sex selection as a test of whether the relative economic value of first-born sons and daughters can explain the prevalence of sex-selective abortion.     

Patient- and clinician-reported satisfaction with pharmacological stress agents for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)

Abstract

Objective:

The objective of this study was to compare clinician and patient measures of satisfaction with two pharmacological stress agents (PSA), regadenoson and dipyridamole, used in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI).

Methods:

This observational study included patients who had undergone SPECT MPI with regadenoson or dipyridamole, as well as the clinician/clinical technologist who performed the test. Mean scores for individual item and domain scores of the main outcome measures were computed as well as the effect sizes (ES) of the mean difference in scores between treatment groups. Statistical significance of the mean item and domain score differences were assessed via Mann-Whitney tests.

Main outcomes measures:

Two self-report questionnaires which had beeb previously developed and validated: Patient Satisfaction/Preference Questionnaire (PSPQ) and Clinician Satisfaction/Preference Questionnaire (CSPQ).

Results:

A total of 87 patients (68 received regadenoson, 19 received dipyridamole) and nine clinicians/clinical technologists took part in the study. Patients had a mean age of 66.8?±?12.2 years, and 56.3% were male. Compared to dipyridamole, use of regadenoson was associated with greater clinician satisfaction on all items and domains of the CSPQ (p?<?0.001 for all comparisons). Among patients, regadenoson was associated with less bother and greater satisfaction than dipyridamole for all items on the PSPQ. These patients reported less stinging at the injection site (ES?=??0.66) and less nervousness during injection (ES?=??0.60). The PSPQ found that regadenoson patients were more satisfied with their PSA than dipyridamole patients in all areas.

Limitations:

This study utilized a relatively small sample size of dipyridamole patients and lacked an adenosine group. A broader sampling of professionals would also help demonstrate generalizability.

Conclusion:

Both patients and clinicians reported higher satisfaction with regadenoson compared to dipyridamole for SPECT-MPI. Clinicians were particularly satisfied with the preparation and administration aspects of the drug, while patients rated it highly on convenience and reduced incidence of side-effects.     

乡村旅游偏好差异测量研究:基于离散选择模型

消费者偏好分析是进行产品开发、市场营销的基础,本文运用离散选择模型中的Multinomial logit(MNL)模型,分析旅游消费者在产品选择过程中,其个人特征及行为特征对某类旅游产品偏好的影响。通过大连乡村旅游消费者产品选择行为的实证研究,表明乡村旅游消费者对不同类别产品的偏好,会随着消费者个人特征和行为特征的不同而发生变化。MNL模型能较为合理地解释乡村旅游者个人特征和行为特征与乡村旅游产品选择偏好之间的关系。