中国式的财政分权与宏观经济绩效——财政分权的宏观收益与成本分析

本文首先指出国外关于财政分权对于经济增长和通货膨胀的作用机制在中国不适用,然后提出了中国的财政分权对于经济增长和通货膨胀特有的作用机制,并且用协整检验方法实证的研究了1980-2005年间中国的财政分权对于济增长和通货膨胀的作用,得出财政分权改革以来中国式的财政分权在促进了经济增长的同时,也加剧了通货膨胀.     

Poverty Traps, Indeterminacy, and the Wealth Distribution

We consider a one-sector growth model in continuous time with a production externality and endogenous labor supply. There is a continuum of households who have identical preferences but differ with respect to their initial wealth. We show that there exist economies such that an indeterminate steady state exists for some wealth distribution but not for others. A second result is that a redistribution of wealth may drive the economy from a steady state with strictly positive output to a poverty trap in which output converges asymptotically to zero. These results indicate that differences in the wealth distribution may be responsible for drastic differences in the long-run standard of living. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D31, D50, O41.     

Network externalities and long-run market shares

We study a dynamic duopoly model with network externalities. The value of the product depends on the current and past network size. We compare the market outcome to a planner. With equal quality products, the market outcome may result in too little standardization (i.e. too many products active in the long run) but never too much. The potential inefficiency is non-monotonic in the strength of the network effect, being most likely for intermediate levels. When products differ in quality, an inferior product may dominate even when the planner would choose otherwise, but only if the discount factor is sufficiently large     

农村教育发展的财政保障

长期以来农村教育的特征，说明教育经费短缺一直是农村教育发展的突出矛盾。要对农村教育实施财政保障，须以整顿农村教师队伍为前提，在教育观念、国民经济结构、教育结构、政府预算结构及财政体制等五个方面作战略性调整，同时制止对学生的乱收费。     

我国生态环境保护和治理的财政政策选择

环境的公共产品性质和外部性，决定了它应该成为政府财政投资的重点。因而财政政策对环境保护和治理的影响极大。从总体上看，我国的财政政策在支持生态环境保护和治理中发挥了重要作用。但由于财政政策在设计上存在着缺陷，致使其在生态环境建设中的支持作用未能完全发挥。基于此，本文提出了完善我国生态环境可持续发展的财政政策建议。     

县级财政的现状与创新

县级财政是按照“一级政权、一级财政”的原则构建起来的,在基层政权建设,为保证经济发展和社会稳定提供财力支持方面发挥着重要的作用。目前,随着改革的深入,县级财政也面临着一些困难,诸如收入总额偏低,赤字面大,负债多,风险大,部分地区存在财政空转现象等。造成这些困难的因素有很多,既有体制上的,又有管理上的,还有历史原因。为解决县级财政的困难,要理顺机制,培养财源,加强支出管理,构建符合公共财政要求的框架体系。     

Simulation Analysis of Public Debt and Fiscal Deficit in Austria – Optimal Economic Policies for the Past and the Future

The macroeconometric simulation model AMOD1 and the optimization algorithm OPTCON are used to evaluate fiscal policies for Austria since the late seventies. In particular, the question of optimal (debt stabilizing) fiscal policies for the past and for the future is analyzed within the framework of a medium-scaled simulation model. The first set of optimization experiments aims to assess optimal fiscal policies for debt stabilization for the historical period 1978–2000 while trying to maintain reasonable growth rates of approximately 2 percent of real GDP. Optimal values of the instruments and the targets are compared to empirical data for Austria. A second set of simulations calculates optimal paths for the fiscal instruments for the period 2001-2010, particularly with respect to the criteria of the Stability and Growth Pact, which is mandatory for member states of the Euro zone.     

金融自由化与双轨金融体系

经济市场化次序理论和金融约束理论都以财政平衡为改革的前提条件 ,但是 ,为政府寻求新的税收来源 ,建立高效率的金融体系正是发展中国家进行市场化改革所追求的目标之一 ,金融自由化理论颠倒了经济发展与金融抑制之间的因果关系。本文证明了财政压力内生于金融自由化改革 ,并且在对经济市场化次序理论进行评论的基础上 ,讨论了建立双轨金融体系对促进金融自由化改革和经济发展的意义。     

Externalities,Cross-Sectoral Spillovers and Productivity Growth

We provide an interpretation of the productivity dynamics in the manufacturing sector based on the idea of the thick market externality à la Diamond. An econometric model has been estimated which allows to disentangle the long run effects of these trading externalities from those of internal economies of scale and of aggregate industry-level economies. The results obtained—based on a cointegrated system of non-linear-error-correction equations—confirm the hypothesis that the trading externality matters. Moreover, our findings point out that the emphasis generally posited both on internal and external economies of scale is not justified.