资源禀赋、政府激励与经济增长关系研究

用简单内生增长模型考察资源禀赋所有权结构对经济增长的影响发现,随着政府拥有的资源份额提高,均衡税率会降低,储蓄率和经济增长率则会升高。在一定的条件下,以平衡增长路径上分散经济的增长率可以达到社会经济增长总量最优的水平。在内生增长框架内,引入自然资源可以明显改变政府行为,并提高经济增长绩效。     

增加乡村财务投入会吸引农民回流吗*——基于CHIP数据库村级数据的分析

增加乡村财务投入是否可以吸引农民回流？本文通过对CHIP数据库的分析回答了这一问题。本文发现：外出务工收入对乡村财务投入具有较强的替代效应，增加农村福利性财务投入不会吸引农民回流；增加生产性财务投入、提高农村生产率、帮助农民“增收”、缩小城乡收入差距，能够吸引农民回流。本文建议加大财政对农村“增收”扶持力度，帮助集体企业扩大再生产，融合一二三产业，拓展农民在农村的增收渠道，使农村恢复财政“造血”功能。     

“双向”分权视角下的财政风险实证研究

"双向"分权即政府向市场分权与政府内部财政分权。在分权推进的过程中,伴随着财政风险的增减变化,理论分析和实证检验发现:政府向市场分权有利于降低财政风险,但这种积极影响呈现出下降趋势;政府内部财政分权程度的提高不利于财政风险的降低;"双向"财政分权立体交叉推进模式所产生的制度性摩擦大大增加了财政风险。因此需要以合理的制度安排消除改革过程中产生的各种社会风险。     

Do enlarged fiscal deficits cause inflation? The historical record

We survey the historical record for two centuries on the connection between expansionary fiscal policy and inflation. The relationship holds in wartime when fiscally stressed governments resorted to the inflation tax. In two peacetime episodes in the early twentieth century, bond‐financed fiscal deficits, unbacked by future taxes, may have contributed to inflation. Fiscal influence on monetary policy was important in the Great Inflation 1965–1983. Expansionary monetary and fiscal policy did not lead to inflation in the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–08 but, by contrast, the fiscal and monetary response to the COVID‐19 pandemic may involve risks of fiscal dominance and future inflation.     

Inequality caused by macro-economic policies during overaccumulation crisis

ABSTRACT

The tendency of capital to ‘overaccumulate’ has on occasion been severe in post-apartheid South Africa, but has taken different forms. The neoliberal era since the early 1990s has witnessed overaccumulation-crisis displacement in a manner that exacerbates inequality. Such displacement includes financialisation (i.e. higher relative debt and share-portfolio ratios, as well as illicit financial flows), worsening uneven spatial development (within cities and between rural and urban livelihoods), and an amplification of environmentally-damaging extraction systems. Public policy accommodated, accentuated and displaced the crisis, rather than ameliorated, reversed or resolved these symptoms of overaccumulation, to the detriment of the poorest South Africans. Although government has made efforts to address social distress through fiscal policy (e.g. social grants and education), most macro-economic policies – especially in the monetary, financial and international spheres – are amplifiers of inequality. But the most important constraint is a deeper problem than public policy typically admits: capital's tendency to overaccumulation.     

Budgets,expenditure composition and political manipulation

Abstract

This paper analyses the presence of political cycles in Portuguese Governments’ expenditures using monthly data over the period 1991–2013 for the main categories of government expenditures. The results indicate that Portuguese Governments act opportunistically regarding the budget surplus and that they favour capital instead of current spending near to the elections. Moreover, right-wing governments are more prone to reduce expenditures and deficits after the elections than left-wing ones. A deeper disaggregated analysis of the components of government expenditures corroborates these findings while disentangling other relevant patterns of political manipulation in Portugal.     

基于农业经济增长的山东省财政农业支出最优规模的确定

国内学术界对财政农业支出的最优规模的研究结论呈现较大的差异性,主要是受到统计口径、选用模型等差异的影响。文章结合山东省的财政农业支出、农业生产总值等相关经济数据,运用Ram的两部门生产模型构造目标方程,根据Hansen的门限回归模型对目标方程进行检验分析,得出山东省财政农业支出的最优规模,以期为山东省的社会主义新农村建设提供理论依据与经验借鉴。     

Inflation Targeting,Fiscal Policy,and the Exchange Rate Regime

Until recently, Turkey’s economy was characterized by high inflation, undisciplined public finance management, and a fragile banking system and experienced multiple economic crises. After the economy was hit by another crisis in 2001, the central bank became independent, adopted inflation targeting as the monetary policy framework, and implemented reforms to adopt a more stringent fiscal policy. Inflation rates decreased to single-digit levels within 3 years after the independence of the central bank. This article analyzes the end of the high inflation period in the context of monetary and fiscal policy interactions within a Markov-Switching Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in which monetary and fiscal policies are allowed to switch between different regimes.     

Do fiscal decentralization and income inequality affect the size of the shadow economy? A panel data analysis for OECD countries

In this article, we study fiscal decentralization and inequality as driving forces of the shadow economy in advanced economies. Our empirical analysis suggests that a reduction in income inequality will contain the shadow economy, whereas expenditure and tax decentralization do not significantly impact it. As decentralization is generally believed to increase government efficiency, this result is indicative of already highly efficient public administrations. Our results further indicate that redistributive policies positively affect the size of the shadow economy, whereas the tax burden does not have any discernible effect on the shadow economy in our sample.