农地整治对耕地细碎化的治理效果及其原因分析 ——以湖北省江夏、咸安、通山三区（县）为实证

研究目的:探讨农地整治对耕地细碎化的治理效果及其原因。研究方法:综合指数法,二元Logistic回归模型。研究结果:(1)从农地整治项目区总体来看,农地整治后,耕地细碎化程度仅降低了1.79%;(2)实施了土地权属调整的土地平整区的耕地细碎化程度降低了12.20%,高于未实施土地权属调整的土地平整区(3.46%);(3)项目实施管理者对土地平整工程重要性的认知较低,且39.13%的项目实施管理者认为没有必要增加土地平整工程投资标准;(4)分别有24.88%和28.29%的受访农户不愿意进行土地平整和土地权属调整,且农户对土地平整会造成耕地质量下降的担心程度对农户土地平整意愿有显著负影响,农户对土地权属调整会对自己不利的担心程度对农户土地权属调整意愿有显著负影响。研究结论:(1)农地整治项目实施有助于减轻耕地细碎化程度,但效果不明显;(2)在农地整治项目实施过程中,只有土地平整和土地权属调整相结合,才能有效治理耕地细碎化;(3)农地整治治理耕地细碎化程度效果不明显,是客观原因和主观原因综合作用的结果。     

CABINET DETERMINANTS OF STRUCTURAL REFORMS IN LATIN AMERICA, 1985–2000

Little research has been devoted to the analysis of how different characteristics of the executives affect structural reforms. This article analyzes the impact of cabinet fragmentation and the presidential ideological position on the scope of structural reforms in nine Latin American presidential democracies of the postauthoritarian period. In so doing, it treats cabinets as conglomerates of actors that are accountable both to the president and to their parties, with nonpartisan ministers being only accountable to the president. It shows that the higher the percentage of nonpartisan ministers, the lesser the costs associated with bargaining a reform within the executive. When presidents build governing coalitions, they limit their capacity of acting unilaterally. However, they are better able to advance their structural reform proposals than single‐party governments are. Data on cabinet composition were collected by the authors and data on the dependent variable structural reform comes from Lora (2001 ).     

“双碳”目标下农地细碎化对植被碳汇的影响研究

目的 提升植被碳汇被视为应对气候变化、如期实现“双碳”目标的重要抓手。尽可能全面地识别农地细碎化对植被碳汇的影响，能够从侧面展示农地细碎化治理蕴藏的生态价值。方法 文章基于卫星遥感数据，测算2001—2019年中国省级农地细碎化和植被碳汇水平，采用双向固定效应模型和空间计量模型实证考察农地细碎化对植被碳汇的影响。结果 （1）农地细碎化会显著降低植被碳汇，农地细碎化指数每增加1%，植被碳汇降低0.127 4%。（2）从农地细碎化维度来看，面积和分布细碎化均会显著降低植被碳汇。（3）从土地覆被类型来看，农地细碎化的影响并非局限于农地，同样会降低林地和草地碳汇，农地细碎化指数每增加1%，林草碳汇降低0.138 5%。（4）从空间关联来看，农地细碎化的影响并非局限于当地，同样会降低周边地区植被碳汇，存在空间溢出效应。（5）农业综合开发的土地治理项目能够降低农地细碎化对植被碳汇的负面影响，且相较于自筹资金，财政资金的治理效应更优，相较于农地治理，生态综合治理的治理效应更优。结论 应加强“生命共同体”系统思维，全面认知农地细碎化影响植被碳汇的广度和深度，重视农地细碎化治理的生态价值。在农地细碎化治理中充分发挥政府的主导作用，将生态保护和修复列为农地细碎化治理的前提。     

One size may not fit all: Financial fragmentation and European monetary policies

This article investigates the impact of European Central Bank policies on credits considering financial and banking fragmentation. Using European data from the past decade, we estimate SVAR models to analyze the regional impact of conventional and unconventional measures on price and volume indicators of fragmentation. The risk-taking channel is studied using GVAR models to document the national consequences of this fragmentation. We find that unconventional measures increase credit in peripheral countries. Monetary policies alleviate fragmentation, but mostly in terms of price dispersion rather than credit volume. Finally, unconventional measures imply a rebalancing of European bank assets in favor of foreign currency denominated-assets.     

耕地细碎化、耕地经营规模对农户耕地利用生态效率的影响——以常德市为例

研究目的：基于农户视角，分析耕地细碎化、耕地经营规模对农户耕地利用生态效率的影响。研究方法：随机前沿分析方法。研究结果：（1）耕地经营规模与农户耕地利用生态效率呈倒“U”型关系。（2）耕地细碎化对农户耕地利用生态效率的作用方向受耕地经营规模影响，耕地经营规模起到调节作用。具体表现为：当耕地经营面积较小时，耕地细碎化对农户耕地利用生态效率有正向影响；当耕地经营面积较大时，耕地细碎化对农户耕地利用生态效率有负向影响。与此同时，耕地细碎化会削弱耕地经营规模对农户耕地利用生态效率的正效应。研究结论：耕地利用生态效率受耕地经营规模和耕地细碎化的共同影响，为了提高耕地利用生态效率，在适度扩大耕地经营规模的同时，要整治耕地实现集中连片，扩大地块规模，降低耕地细碎化。