The impact of media fragmentation on audience targeting: An empirical generalisation approach

With increasing fragmentation, advertisers are choosing media based upon their ability to deliver specific target markets to maximise return on media expenditure. In doing so, they rely upon the claims of media providers (whether in part or in full) about how their audiences differ from those of competing offerings. In this paper we consider just how successful media have been at attracting specialist audiences. We seek empirical generalisation by including a very broad range of audience member characteristics, multiple media types, two countries and three years of data in our analysis. We find that while there are some differences in the audiences that competing media deliver, these differences are largely inconsequential when (a) considered in light of the audience differentiation claims made by the media themselves and (b) that implicit in the audience targeting concept is the notion that media audiences are highly segmented. This research will challenge advertisers' entrenched assumptions about audience targeting and provide useful benchmarks for advertisers who place any credence on media selling propositions.     

国际分割生产对中国制造业出口结构的影响

在考虑和不考虑国际分割生产的情况下,虽然中国制造业的出口结构均呈改善趋势,即资源密集型行业和劳动密集型行业的出口份额在逐渐下降,资本或技术密集型行业的出口份额在上升,但是在分离了国际分割生产的影响后,高技术含量的出口比重并不高,如果没有国际分割生产,则中国出口结构的改善是有限的。因此,在分析我国制造业出口时必须考虑国际分割生产这一因素。     

整体性治理视野下中国社会养老保险政策“碎片化”的体制逻辑

摘要：中国社会养老保险政策的碎片化问题已然成为健全养老保险制度的瓶颈。从整体性治理视野来审视,养老保险的碎片化被描述为“部门主义”、“视野狭隘”、“各自为政”等现象,其本质是执行养老保险政策的手段——各种体制组成的治理结构,与养老政策的统一目标存在冲突。换言之,中国的行政、财政和社会等体制性因素的相互作用是导致养老保险政策碎片化的根源。具体而言,属地管理、决策权的地方化与全国统筹存在内在张力,不完善的分级财政固化了城乡分割和地方统筹,干部选拔机制加剧了政策的分割,双重户籍墙垒砌出各种歧视性规定,对民主的应急式回应形成了养老政策的各种“补丁”。     

Trade in Parts and Components and the Industrial Geography of Central and Eastern European Countries

Growing inflows of FDI and the increasing integration of domestic firms into International Production Networks (IPNs) set up by EU-15 partners have yielded a rise in trade in parts and components for Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). As a consequence, new patterns of localization of industrial activities have been observed in the region since the mid-1990s. In this paper, I propose a comprehensive model of trade and production which tries to explain cross-country variations of sectoral output by comparative advantages (Ricardo, Heckscher–Ohlin) and agglomeration forces (home market effect, market potential), with a focus on the role played by trade in middle products. The empirical implementation reveals that the higher is the involvement in IPNs the larger is the domestic share of regional output. Comparative advantages are a crucial determinant of localization as opposed to agglomeration forces. I argue that these results can be interpreted as an assessment of the predictive power of two alternative trade theories. JEL no.  F10, F12, F14, F15     

养老保险"碎片化"的成因分析与应对策略

养老保险的碎片化,衍生出养老保险待遇不公平、制度运行不经济、基金收支不可持续以及转移接续困难等问题,对经济社会发展带来诸多不利影响.养老保险制度渐进式发展的道路,城乡经济社会发展的二元格局,养老保险制度设计的缺陷,以及群体利益和地区利益的存在,是导致我国养老保险碎片化的成因.我国应加快推进养老保险制度的有机整合,推进城...     

生产分割体系下山东制造业价值链升级的经验分析

国际生产分割为发展中国家或地区的价值链升级提供了有利条件。一个国家或地区的贸易成本和工厂水平的固定成本越低、劳动生产率越高和工资水平越低时,制造业价值链升级程度就越高。基于山东省数据的计量分析表明,在国际生产分割条件下,劳动力素质越高、产业的基础生产能力越强和服务配套设施越完善,制造业价值链就容易获得提升。     

行政一体化背景下碎片化整合途径的比较和对中国的启示

行政碎片化是指在处理公共事务中,各部门出现利益割裂、争权夺利或各自为政的一种行政管理弊端。对行政碎片化的整合途径主要有行政协调、政府联动、网络治理和行政协助等。每种整合途径有各自利弊,并适合不同类型的行政体系。文章将对这几种碎片化整合途径进行对比,并分析出较为适合中国国情的碎片化整合途径。     

Short‐ and Long‐Term Effects of Multimarket Trading

We analyze short‐ and long‐term effects of multimarket trading by examining the entries of multiple markets into transacting three ETFs, DIA, QQQ, and SPY. We find that large‐scale entries improve overall market quality, while small‐scale entries have ambiguous effects. Our results show that the competition effect dominates the fragmentation effect over a long horizon and that market fragmentation leads to a decline in trading costs. Further, we find that the order handling rules help mitigate the fragmentation effect and facilitate the competition effect. We do not find that multimarket trading harms price efficiency or increases price volatility.     

Urban Segregation and Metropolitics in Latin America: The Case of Bogotá, Colombia

The patterns of spatial socioeconomic segregation in Latin American cities are changing rapidly as a result of suburbanization and metropolization. However, the political consequences of these urban spatial processes are not well understood. This article uses Orfield's framework of analysis to test the hypothesis that spatial segregation at the metropolitan level is driving political polarization between Latin American cities and their suburbs. With Bogotá as a testing ground, we look for evidence that the mechanisms described by Orfield are at play. We conclude that metropolitan spatial segregation does not drive metropolitan politics in Bogotá and explore some of the theoretical implications thereof.     

生态旅游开发导致生境破碎化问题的对策分析

随着旅游业的升温,旅游与生态环境的矛盾也更加尖锐起来,不合理的开发导致了生态环境的退化,尤其是生态环境破碎化,它是造成物种减少的主要原因之一;分析了旅游破坏生态环境的原因并就此提出了对策。