Capital flows,current account deficits,and financial crises in emerging market economies

Some emerging market economies are said to face today conditions similar to those faced by Mexico in 1994 at the time of its serious financial crisis. This paper identifies a number of macroeconomic and financial indicators, constructs a profile of the Mexican economy at the time of the crisis, and then compares these with the conditions in other major emerging market economies in Latin America and Asia today in order to determine the extent to which they resemble those of Mexico at the time of the 1994 crisis. The conclusion is reached that macroeconomic and financial indicators cannot by themselves predict Mexican-style financial crises. In today's world of highly integrated capital markets, any anticipation of financial unsustainability can lead to a massive capital outflow from the nation and trigger a crisis, with the catalyst usually being a worsening political problem. The usefulness of the indicators discussed is in providing a profile of the financial condition of the nation, evaluating the potential danger of a financial crisis, anticipating the depth of the crisis if one arises, and pointing to the precautions that a nation can take in trying to avoid a crisis or reduce its severity if one does occur.     

企业通过强化财务体制提高融资能力探析

文章从一名在日本多年从事银行融资管理和企业诊断专家的视野出发,以财务会计理论为起点,通过剖析金融机构投资对企业财务报表的分析和看法,发现两者的共同利益点,进而提出了企业想成功获得金融机构的融资,就要改善自身的财务体制,为众多融资困难的中小企业指明了一条有效的融资之路。     

对“恶意软件”的违法性分析及其法规制度研究

近年来,在巨大商业利益的驱动下,恶意软件在网络上的传播十分猖厥。网民上网时经常会遭到恶意软件的骚扰,致使上网速度严重下降,甚至引起系统崩溃,恶意软件的泛滥给网民造成了巨大损害。     

Investigating the Factors Influencing Digital Movie Piracy

ABSTRACT

This article closes a theoretical gap in the literature by incorporating neutralization theory, mere exposure effect, self-control theory, and the theory of planned behavior to investigate social and personal factors influencing the downloading of pirated digital movies. Research was conducted using convenience sampling in a large university in Western Australia. Data were analyzed using regression models. Habitual conduct, affect, and facilitating conditions have significant influence upon attitudes toward downloading pirated movies; conversely, self-efficacy, moral judgement, and social factors do not. In addition, attitudes toward downloading pirated movies have a significant influence upon the intention to download pirated movies. It was also found that internet usage, internet time spent and internet speed do not moderate the relationship between attitudes and intention to download pirated movies. Managers, marketers and policymakers must collaborate aggressively to combat movie piracy. Marketers and policymakers can start by creating awareness campaigns to invoke the guilt factor and provide another, cheaper alternative on the internet. In addition, the punishment should be harsher and anti-piracy agencies should be more aggressive in catching all illegal downloaders by tracking their IP addresses from the internet provider that they used.     

Pirating Pirates of the Caribbean: The curse of cyberspace

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing the ‘illegal’ downloading of films and TV series through peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Specifically, it examines how social and ethical orientations and attitudes towards downloading impact on downloading intentions. The neutralisation theory and theory of planned behaviour are used to underpin the research framework. The data analysis of 284 usable responses produced several significant relationships. Facilitating conditions, social factors, collectivism, and personal moral obligation were found to predict attitudes towards ‘illegal’ downloading. Social factors, collectivism, personal moral obligation, and attitudes towards ‘illegal’ downloading were also found to influence intentions to download. The findings derived from this study will provide marketers and policymakers with strategic and managerial initiatives to counteract this persistent problem.     

Smuggling around the world: evidence from a structural equation model

This article uses a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model to analyse the determinants of smuggling. The analysis reveals that higher corruption and a lower rule of law encourage smuggling. Tariffs and trade restrictions are important push factors, while a higher Black Market Premium (BMP) discourages smugglers. Based on the MIMIC estimates, we calculate an index of smuggling which provides a ranking for 54 countries. We find that smuggling is rampant in Cameroon, Pakistan and Kenya while it is least prevalent in Switzerland, Finland and Sweden.     

中美经营性道路运输比较研究

从服务性质、服务对象及辅助性标准等三方面对中美两国经营性与非经营性道路运输的划分标准进行了比较,发现两国都经历了从客观性标准到主观性标准的转变,但在服务对象要件上存在一定的差异;美国存在着辅助性标准,我国则没有。     

论对非法所得课税的法律规制

能否对非法收入征税是一个在世界范围内都颇受关注的问题。目前,除英国等少数国家外,美国、德国等大多数国家都认为应当对非法收入征税。我国对此问题仍然没有形成统一的看法,但目前多数学者都认为应当对非法收入征税,笔者对此也持肯定态度。因此,该论文对非法所得课税问题进行了理论上的分析,并在借鉴国外经验的基础上提出了对我国非法所得课税的立法建议。     

试论土地调控中的中央与地方关系

中央政府通过调控土地使用,以调控固定资产投资过快的政策频繁出台,地方政府却因对土地财政的深度依赖,与中央政府博弈,致使土地违法严重,宏观调控政策难以很好到位。调控土地的出发点是对的,但效果不佳,非法用地没从根本上扭转,房价则上涨得更快。据此,应改革与完善土地转让制度实行土地年租制,提高地方政府的财政收入比例,才是解决问题的有效办法。     

气象法律成本缺失的经济学分析——以气象探测的环境保护为视角

从法经济学理论分析,"违法成本低"问题在立法上的体现,是法律责任的设定不合理,大大降低了违法者应当承担的"预期成本"。本文界定了气象违法成本,对气象法律责任立法缺失问题进行了分析,指出目前我国对气象违法责任主体的处罚偏轻。法律规范过于依赖行政处罚或民事赔偿,对刑事手段重视不够。刑事责任和行政责任主要体现了惩罚,而民事责任主要体现了补偿,不同的法律责任体现出不同的法律意图,对气象违法主体行为也会产生不同的威慑效果。只有将这三者有机结合,才能降低政府的监管成本,同时提高公众保护气象环境、遵守气象法的意识。而刑事责任的空缺使气象违法成本大大降低,不利于气候状况的监测和保护,这种局面必须改变。