Can the Risks of the Kyoto Mechanisms be Reduced Through Portfolio Diversification? Evidence from the Swedish AIJ Program

Through Joint Implementationand the Clean Development Mechanism, reductionsof greenhouse gas emissions achieved abroad canbe credited to domestic firms. However, thetechnical, economic and political risksinvolved may prevent the private sector frominvesting in such projects. This paperdescribes three types of risks which emissionreduction projects are exposed to. Eleven pilotprojects carried out under the ActivitiesImplemented Jointly (AIJ) program and financedby Sweden are evaluated. Actual project costsare found to exceed projected costs in allcases. Annual emission reductions also deviatefrom their expected values and vary stronglyover time, supporting the hypothesis that suchprojects are risky business. The riskmanagement tool portfolio diversification isapplied to a sample of Swedish AIJ projects.The results indicate that diversification canreduce the risks of greenhouse gas mitigationprojects significantly. Thus, carbon funds area promising way of lowering the risks of theKyoto Mechanisms for private sector investors.     

Coping with Technological Change: The Role of Ability in Making Inequality so Persistent

This study provides an explanation to the evolution of wage inequality over the last 30 years and supports this explanation with evidence. A faster rate of technological progress introduces new unknown elements at the workplace. The need to cope with the unknown accentuates the role of ability and thus increases wage inequality within and between education groups. Inasmuch as education is an irreversible investment project the rise in within group inequality BOOSTS UP the rise of between group inequality. Guided by this theory we turn to the PSID for evidence. Using parents' education to approximate child's ability we show the following set of results: (a) Controlling for education of the child, parents' education contributed much more in the 1980s to his wage growth than in the 1970s. (b) The correlation between the parents' and the child's education increases from the 1970s to the 1980s. (c) The return to college education for an individual with no ability rents did not change—it remains steady at the 23 percent. (d) Facts (a)–(c) CANNOT be attributed to the impact of parent's income. It is parents' education and not parents' income that is more relevant for son's economic outcomes in the 1980s.     

投资选择权约束、意见分歧与中国股市风险

特定的股票总是被市场上特定的投资者群体持有 ,以反映该投资者群体对投资资产价格的评估意见。投资者意见的分歧会导致股票市场的资产出清价格偏离均值 ,股票价格趋于均衡的波动幅度也会变大。中国股市上投资者投资选择权的约束加大了投资者的意见分歧。扩大投资者的投资选择权来促进投资者意见分歧程度的缩小能有效降低中国股市的风险。     

反向抵押贷款风险研究

反向抵押贷款作为一种金融产品,其核心问题是风险管理,但目前国内对于反向抵押款风险的研究仅仅停留在简单对国外文献的翻译上,并未结合中国实际进行具体分析.结合中国具体实际对反向抵押贷款中的三级风险作了详细分析,并对反向抵押贷款中的风险防范提了几点建议.     

论房地产开发风险

明确了房地产开发风险的涵义及其特征，阐述了房地产开发面临的主要风险；并剖析了导致房地产开发风险的诸多因素，提出了处置房地产开发风险的具体措施。     

医药营销战略风险评价与控制

本文通过A-FA法评价了医药企业在营销战略实施过程中的风险,建立了相应的风险等级,并提出了风险防范措施。     

企业业绩评价:会计收益与经济收益的博弈

本文在对传统经济收益和会计收益的基本内涵及现时外延分析的基础上,阐述了传统收益的特点和在当前经济环境中遇到的挑战,从经济收益与会计收益选择的博弈与修正中,认为会计学中全面收益理想内涵是与经济学收益完全契合的概念,是经济收益与会计收益博弈过程中达到和谐和统一。同时在分析美英等发达国家的全面收益报告模式的基础上,依据现行经济环境和会计计量条件,提出具有中国特色的全面收益表报告模式。     

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND FIRM EXIT ROUTES

ABSTRACT

Our study presents empirical evidence about the role of ownership structure for firm exit probability by explicitly differentiating between distinct exit routes (bankruptcy and forced liquidation, voluntary liquidation, mergers and acquisitions – M&A, and removal from the court register). Based on the population of Slovenian firms in the 2006–2012 period and using multinomial probit, our findings support the predictions of agency theory. Ownership concentration, share of the largest owner, and the difference in shares between two largest owners all decrease the likelihood of exit for all studied exit routes but M&A. The magnitude of their impact is largest for exits, in which owners play a decisive role, i.e. voluntary liquidation and removal. The link between the number of primary owners and exit likelihood is U-shaped with the lowest exit probability for firms with around two owners.     

金融发展影响城乡收入差距的三大效应及检验

金融发展影响城乡收入差距主要通过三条途径,即金融发展的门槛效应、金融发展的降低贫困效应、金融发展的非均衡效应。本文利用中国和省级1978~2004年的相关数据进行实证检验,结果显示实证与理论假说相符。最后,提出了相关政策建议。     

我国中西部县域实施PPP模式的风险探究

在问卷调查的基础上，构建我国中西部县域PPP模式的风险因素评价指标体系。经过风险指标权重的计算，从19个风险中筛选出9个制约中西部县域PPP项目的关键风险因素，并通过相关检验和因素分析将其划分到4个关键风险组群，分别为政治风险、经济风险、市场环境风险和合作风险。结果显示：政治风险为制约PPP发展的最主要风险组群，而项目收益不足则是评分最高的单项风险因素。