论语言模因对提高EFL学习者语用能力的作用

我国EFL学习者语用意识薄弱,在语言使用过程中经常出现语用失误,纠其根源主要在于EFL学习者语用知识输入不足。针对这一现象,从模因论的视角探讨课堂环境下显性教学法,背诵输入法及联想教学法等对输入语用知识、培养EFL学习者的语用意识和提高语用能力的作用。     

The dynamics of tourism’s carbon footprint in Beijing,China

Abstract

Beijing is an important hub for global tourism, but the extent of tourism’s contribution to Beijing’s carbon footprint remains unclear. We integrated an environmentally extended multiregional input–output model and the tourism satellite account in a study to estimate the dynamics of Beijing’s tourism-related carbon footprint in the post-financial crisis period. Our findings indicate that from 2007 to 2012, whereas the carbon footprint of inbound tourists in Beijing steadily decreased, that of domestic tourists increased. The composition of carbon footprints for the consumption activities of inbound and domestic tourists differed substantially. We also traced the spatial distribution of carbon sources associated with tourism consumption in Beijing. In light of our findings, we offer recommendations to target the adoption of low-carbon consumption patterns by domestic tourists, and energy optimization of service suppliers by increasing energy use efficiency and the renewable energy ratio. In addition, we recommend that public and government should seek to lower energy costs and reduce carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of commodities. We conclude that the government and tourism authorities should actively promote carbon and wider environmental awareness, and that producers must seek to improve the efficiency of their energy use by reducing carbon emissions at source.     

加强“三北”防护林工程资金管理的思路与对策

介绍了三北防护林现行投入机制、资金管理状况及使用效益,提出今后加强资金管理的基本思路、遵循原则和建设重点,并针对存在的问题提出加强资金管理的对策。     

长江上游生态屏障建设的投入机制研究

长江上游生态屏障建设关系中下游地区的生态安全,因而,保障生态屏障建设质量至关重要。然而,长江上游生态屏障建设资金严重的供需失衡,直接影响生态屏障建设的质量。本文分析了长江上游生态屏障建设投入机制存在的主要问题及原因,提出了完善生态屏障建设投入机制的对策措施和政策建议。     

Integrating Agronomic Principles into Production Function Specification: A Dichotomy of Growth Inputs and Facilitating Inputs

This article presents a general conceptual framework for integrating agronomic principles into economic production analysis. We categorize inputs in crop production into growth inputs and facilitating inputs. Based on this dichotomy we specify an asymmetric production function. The robustness of the asymmetric framework is tested using crop-level panel data on potato production in the Netherlands. The test results do not reject the proposed framework, and the asymmetric specification better represents the underlying production technology.     

Sources of productivity growth on Finnish dairy farms—application of an input distance function

The objective is to examine sources of productivity change on Finnish dairy farms in the 1990s. The decomposition of productivity change into technical and technical efficiency change is widely recognized but it neglects the scale effect. Generalized decompositions incorporating all three components are calculated for a sample of Finnish dairy farms from 1989-2000. This period is of interest because of the drastic change in agricultural policy when Finland joined the European Union (EU) in 1995. The results indicate that productivity growth was on average low, approximately 0.15% per year. Neutral technical change was identified as the most important source of productivity growth (1.1%). Technical efficiency decreased by almost 0.5% annually. The contribution of the scale effect in productivity change increased towards the end of study period.     

论制约土地荒漠化防治的现实制度问题

人类不合理的经济活动,如滥垦、滥牧、滥采、滥伐、滥用等触发并加速了土地荒漠化的进程,但这只是制约土地荒漠化的外在机制。在这些破坏行为背后,存在着更深层次、更具决定性作用的荒漠化内在机制。当前土地制度、投入机制、草原利用制度、政府决策等现实制度问题正是我国现代荒漠化内在制约机制。     

Information Exchange and Distributional Implications of Price Discrimination with Internet Marketing in Agriculture

A price discrimination model is proposed to explain why firms provide extraneous information on Internet sites selling agricultural inputs. Whether an informative site is offered depends on price discrimination potential, which depends on how much farmers reveal heterogeneity by Internet behavior. Price discrimination is greater if information benefits are negatively correlated with farm size (or other characteristics), explaining why extraneous (not product-related) information is offered on Internet sales sites. Price discrimination adversely affects some farmers but may be beneficial on average because it generates free information. Outcomes depend on whether Internet users are aware of price differentials on the basis of clickstream information.     

基于MAPGIS土地利用数据库的数据变更技术方法

土地利用数据的现势性和准确性是土地科学管理的关键，在县(市)级土地利用数据库的建设和日常使用维护中，数据变更工作非常重要。阐述在MAPGIS土地利用数据库管理系统下数据变更的解决方案及土地利用变更数据的外业调绘、制作变更图、数据采集、变更处理等技术方法。     

水利投入对国民经济增长拉动的数学模型

采用一般的Solow生产函数建立了计算水利投入对国民经济拉动作用的数学模型，应用灰色系统理论估算了资金和劳动投入的产出弹性，并通过某省一个实例进行计算，得出某省水利投入对国民经济增长拉动作用的量化数据。