农村小额信贷可持续发展国际经验分析

文章以全新的视角,从国外可持续发展的农村小额信贷的典型模式,泰国农业和农村合作社银行、印尼人民银行农村信贷部和孟加拉乡村银行等三家银行经营业绩分析与农村小额信贷可持续发展国际经验分析三个方面,为农村小额信贷的实践和发展提供了思路。     

History of microfinance in Bangladesh: A life cycle theory approach

This study aims to conceptualise and document the historical evolution of microfinance in Bangladesh using the life cycle theory (LCT). Based on the LCT nomenclature, the microfinance sector in Bangladesh shows characteristics broadly consistent with the saturation phase (2006–2015) – which potentially has adverse impacts on both microfinance clients and institutions. The maturity phase (1996–2005) of microfinance has corresponded with competition and several innovations (financial and non-financial). However, the saturation phase sees increasing presence of uncoordinated microfinance institutions and expansion of multiple borrowing, as well as commercialisation and ‘mission drift’, which constitute important challenges for the regulatory authority and management of microfinance institutions.     

All Myth and Ceremony? Examining the Causes and Logic of the Mission Shift in Microfinance from Microenterprise Credit to Financial Inclusion

This contribution assesses the shift in the mission of microfinance from providing small loans for entrepreneurship to the broader agenda of financial inclusion. Three leading organisations' publications inform a discourse analysis, which allows the strategic shift to be analysed using two theoretical frames from organisational sociology: instrumental rationalism and sociological institutionalism. The proclaimed shift in strategy is found to consist less of rational innovation towards the aim of poverty alleviation than of “myth and ceremony” for the sake of organisational self-preservation.     

小额信贷、农民创业与收入增长——基于中介效应的实证研究

基于2009—2014年山东省17地市小额贷款公司的面板数据,运用固定效应模型、工具变量和中介效应等分析方法,从农民创业的中介效应视角实证检验小额信贷的农民增收效应。结果表明：小额信贷对农民收入具有显著的正向影响,但由于小额信贷规模仍相对较小,因此其对农民收入的正向影响程度仍相对较低。同时,利用中介效应分析方法,验证农民创业在小额信贷对农民收入的影响中存在显著的中介效应。所以,为了促进农民收入的提高,政府应进一步推动小额信贷的发展以及加大对农民创业的金融支持力度。     

农村小额信贷发展策略研究

小额信贷作为一种有效的金融扶贫方式,在我国已有十几年的发展历史。然而,我国小额信贷的发展依然缓慢,不能弥补农村巨大的资金需求缺口。文章论述了小额信贷在资金来源、风险控制等方面存在的问题,并探讨了完善小额信贷的政策措施,即充分利用原有的农村正规金融机构,建立多层次的小额信贷载体,推进利率市场化改革,大力发展农业保险,尽量减少行政干预,在政策上予以支持,协调部门关系,为小额信贷创造宽松的环境。     

Non-grant microfinance,incentives and efficiency

I show that charging interest on funds provided by donors or investors to microfinance institutions (MFIs) can increase efficiency, the total number of loans and borrower welfare, compared to grant or concessionary funding. In a setting in which MFIs supply costly non-contractible effort, putting a price or raising the price of loanable funds strengthens the MFIs’ incentives to put effort in credit administration or monitoring, to extend more loans, and/or reduce overhead costs. This theoretical result is robust to several variations of the benchmark model allowing for an endogenous lending rate, motivated MFIs and endogenous overhead costs.     

Who benefit from government-led microfinance projects? Evidence from rural China

Drawing from a unique dataset of 2356 Chinese villages, this paper assesses the anti-poverty effect of the largest government-led microfinance project in the developing world. We find that the project can significantly increase the income level in the targeted villages. The main engine of the project lies in the expansion of access to nonfarm activities. We also highlight the importance of institutional circumstance in the effectiveness of the project. Specifically, a more democratized village with less political connection to local governments reaps more benefits from its participation.     

The impact of ethnic diversity on microenterprise start-ups

Until recently, factors determining the decisions made by microfinance institutions (MFIs) to extend loans to business start-ups had not been explored. Recent evidence shows that MFI performance with regard to funds issued for small business start-ups depends on MFI-level characteristics such as profit orientation. We argue that these decisions do not only depend on MFI-specific practices or characteristics, but also on the role ethnic diversity plays. Using data on microfinance lending activities for business start-ups, we examine the impact of ethnic diversity on microenterprise start-ups. Results show that ethnic diversity negatively affects the provision of financial capital for business start-up. Furthermore, results also suggest a negative association between ethnic diversity and the share of female borrowers recorded by MFIs. We examine social networks and outreach as potential channels through which ethnic diversity affects business start-ups.     

微型金融机构使命漂移的实证分析--基于对湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州的调研数据

本文利用SPSS17.0分析软件对恩施土家族苗族自治州的198份样本数据进行统计学分析和回归分析的结果表明,我国的微型金融机构（MFIs）出现了使命漂移的趋势。但MFIs使命漂移既有MFIs“利润驱动”的因素,也有贫困农户“主动放弃”和贷款给农户带来累积正面效应的因素。