试析P2P小额信贷行业立法的调整范围

自银监会《关于人人贷有关风险提示的通知》指出人人贷信贷服务中介公司具有潜在风险,要求银监局采取措施,做好风险预警监测与防范工作。P2P小额信贷行业立法逐渐提上业界和学界议程。对于P2P小额信贷行业立法而言,立法的调整范围直接关系到法的整体架构、宏观方略、微观策略和精神品格,不仅是整个立法工作的起点,也是重点兼难点,值得学界和立法者予以关注并展开广泛讨论。     

农村公益性小额信贷现状研究——基于贫困户需求视角的分析

文章基于对山东省嘉祥县3个乡镇(卧龙山镇、大张楼镇、马村镇)小额信贷情况的农户调查数据,从需求视角出发,分析得出小额信贷需求的影响因素和贫困农户需求不足的原因。发现以扶贫为设计初衷的农村小额信贷项目实际参与对象已从中、低收入贫困户转向进行非农生产性经营的中等偏上收入户和高收入农户,并且生产性小额信贷资金多被农户用于消费性支出。最后,文章尝试提出了一些公益性小额信贷的新思路和新模式。     

MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA'S MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS AND ITS DRIVERS

This paper uses a large panel data set covering 70 MFIs in 25 Sub‐Saharan African countries to analyze the efficiency of MFIs. This is important, given that MFIs have to operate efficiently to fulfil its dual mission of serving the poor and being sustainable. The results reveal that MFIs are inefficient in meeting the goals of either providing microfinance related services to their clients or intermediating funds between borrowers and depositors. The MFIs lack ability to reach efficient sizes of their performing loan portfolio at the same time they reach an efficient number of clients served.     

The Antinomies of ‘Financial Inclusion’: Debt,Distress and the Workings of Indian Microfinance

The concept of ‘financial inclusion’ has become a central trope that legitimates a wide range of contemporary development practices. By constructing a new object of development – the ‘financially excluded’ – it facilitates the expansion of an increasingly corporatized microfinance technocracy. The present paper problematizes the underlying binaries of inclusion/exclusion and formal/informal finance upon which this narrative is based. Through an examination of the 2010 Andhra Pradesh microfinance crisis, it demonstrates key contradictions within the discourse and practices of commercial microfinance. In so doing, it demonstrates why the narrative of financial inclusion and its correlate notion of ‘consumption smoothing’ are inadequate tools with which to conceptualize the political economy of contemporary agrarian change.     

小额金融机构监管须谨防与服务低收入群体冲突

以服务低收入群体为宗旨的小额金融机构(MFI)近年来在中国发展迅速,其监管制度正在探索之中。国际经验表明,接受监管与不接受监管的两类机构在业务深度上存在显著差异。监管似乎抑制了MFI对低收入群体的服务,违背了其创立初衷。充足资本有助于MFI拓展业务深度,是监管可能带来的积极影响。此外,MFI的其他微观控制变量及所在国的宏观背景也会影响其业务深度。中国要防止简单套用传统金融机构的监管体制和方法,谨防业务出现漂移。     

BOARD GOVERNANCE: DOES OWNERSHIP MATTER?

Good governance is crucial to achieving an organization's mission. Nevertheless, little is known about how the structure of governance is influenced by the nonprofit (NPO) or for‐profit ownership (FPO) structure of an organization, partly because they tend to be active in different sectors. In this paper we overcome this challenge by using data from a global sample of 392 microfinance institutions. The results show that the average NPO has a larger board, more female directors, and a higher number of board meetings than the average FPO. Moreover, where there are larger boards and more frequent board meetings, this has a positive effect on the financial performance of NPOs. It is thus confirmed that ownership structures influence boards’ characteristics and that some board mechanisms are more efficient in some ownership structures than in others. An effective board design should thus be based on a firm's ownership structure.