A segmentation of Turkish consumers based on their motives to visit shopping centres

This paper aims to contribute to the literature by providing a segmentation of Turkish consumers based on their motives for visiting shopping centres. First, we identified the motives that Turkish consumers had for visiting shopping centres and then we used those motives to segment consumers. Data were collected through a survey from 390 participants living in the six largest cities in Turkey. First, the results showed that Turkish consumers had five groups of motives when it comes to visiting shopping centres. The results of a two-step cluster analysis used for segmentation revealed four distinct segments of Turkish shopping centre visitors. Those segments were named as serious consumers, recreational consumers, enthusiast consumers, pragmatic consumers. These findings suggest that Turkish shopping centre managers need to recognize that Turkish consumers are not a homogeneous unit when it comes to visiting shopping centres. Finally, academic and managerial implications of our findings are discussed.     

What drives college-age Generation Y consumers?

Generation Y (individuals ages 14-31 in 2008) are in the marketplace with the numbers and the purchasing power to have an unprecedented impact on the economy. Despite the potential of this group as a whole, especially the middle-aged members of this generation (ages 18-22) who are in the highly coveted college-student market, much is unknown about the motivations behind these individuals' consumption behavior and preferences. This study attempts to address this gap in the literature by exploring the antecedents of the consumption behavior of college-aged Generation Y individuals. The findings indicate that issues relating to socialization, uncertainty reduction, reactance, self-discrepancy, and feelings of accomplishment and connectedness drive Y consumers' product purchases and retail patronage. This article discusses these issues as well as their theoretical and managerial implications.     

Merger and acquisition motives and outcome assessment

Research on merger and acquisition (M&A) outcome often focuses on tangible financial results and the reaction of stock markets. This research attempts to provide a more accurate assessment of M&A performance by linking tangible as well as intangible M&A motives to outcome assessment. The theoretical framework is based on evaluation theory. We analyze four case studies of international M&As conducted by European companies. The findings indicate that M&A outcome can be more accurately measured by aligning it with the motives defined by the acquiring firms. They suggest that M&A outcome assessment should be considered as a process covering both premerger and postmerger stages.     

审计理论体系逻辑起点新探

自20世纪90年代以来,西方的新制度经济学及产权理论、交易费用理论传入我国,与我国的制度演变相结合,引起了我国经济学的革命,也掀起了作为经济学的分支学科——会计学的革命。我们也有必要从新的视角对整个审计理论体系进行审视,这种审视的系统性、深刻性,要求首先对赖以演绎出整个审计理论体系的逻辑起点进行新的审视。逻辑起点具有先导性,是推动学科研究进一步发展成熟的基础;逻辑起点还同时具有终极性,这既意味着它是审计理论中最为基本的范畴,同时也是审计理论体系的出发点和目的。文章全面剖析了审计动因的产权因素,从产权经济学角度审视审计理论体系,确立审计理论体系的逻辑起点——产权动因论。     

Going public in the 1980s: Evidence from Sweden

The paper explores the going public decision in a sample of family-owned corporations in Sweden, 1970–1991. the issuers' motivations for going public are documented and contrasted with economic theory. We find that the average firm is old, that a significant portion of the shares are sold by existing shareholders, that most going public activity took place after an exceptionally sharp stock price increase, and that going public activity is not related to the business cycle. the findings suggest that firms were taken public by their owners who wanted to liquidate their investment to finance consumption or portfolio diversification. the findings strike the common view that firms go public to finance growth. Data from other European countries exhibit similar patterns and suggest that our findings for Sweden may extend to other markets as well.     

The moderating role of local embeddedness on the performance of foreign and domestic firms in emerging markets

This paper examines the impact of the firm’s degree of local embeddedness on its performance in emerging markets using the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey Manufacturing Sector Module data on 15,715 firms covering 78 emerging markets. We use the degree of localization of sourcing and sales to measure the degree of embeddedness in the host country market. We argue that since embeddedness brings the firm into closer interaction with local firms and institutions, the costs of embeddedness should be lower for local firms than for MNE subsidiaries, since local firms can be assumed to be better able to decipher local institutions. We find that both dimensions are subject to a reversed U-shaped function. That is, by extending the degree of local sales and local sourcing up to a certain percentage, a firm can realize positive performance growth by becoming more embedded into the emerging market, but beyond this point, the performance impact is negative. We also find that foreign firms involved in local sales seem to lose part of their ability to exploit their ownership advantages as compared to foreign firms that export their production.     

The Challenge of Promoting a Cohesive Institutional Identity: An Investigation of the Impact of External Audiences,Task Specialization,and the Overall Organization

ABSTRACT

Financial giving behavior of individuals to charities is analyzed, using demographic, personality and behavioral variables for explanation. Both the probability of a donation and the amount of the donation are analyzed, using data of 500 Dutch households. Donors give because they appreciate the good work of the organization, because it gives them a good feeling, or because they feel personally involved. Empathy with the final receivers influences the decision to give, but not the amount that is donated. When donations become a part of the donor's “mental accounting” system, the average amount given is greater than for ad hoc donations.     

Cross-channel free-riding consumer behavior in a multichannel environment: An investigation of shopping motives,sociodemographics and product categories

Cross-channel free-riding, in which consumers use one retailer′s channel to prepare a purchase and then switch to another retailer′s channel to purchase, can substantially erode profit margins. This research aims to understand such free-riding from a consumer empowerment perspective, investigating shopping motives and sociodemographic covariates, as well as how this behavior might differ across product categories. A survey study of decision-making behavior shows that cross-channel free-riders mainly seek to fulfill price comparison, convenience and flexibility needs. The likelihood of free-riding is higher when consumers adopt cross-channel rather than single-channel behavior, which highlights a negative outcome of multichannel retailing. The likelihood of cross-channel free-riding differs across products but not sociodemographic covariates. The findings can be used to develop recommendations for managing retention strategies.     

Multiple motives behind single acts of co-operation

To understand co-operation in social dilemmas, we need to allow for individual variation along several motives and beliefs instead of declaring that co-operativeness is merely self-interested or is merely a consequence of one's culture or the situation. This paper describes three beliefs and eight motives for co-operation or non-co-operation based on research on social dilemmas from a number of disciplines. It also proposes a framework that describes how beliefs and various motives interact with a given situation leading to a specific behaviour.     

大学生英语学习策略与动机研究

本文就英语学习策略、动机、风格等有关问题对近500名学生进行了问卷调查,观察分析了大学生英语学习相关因素的频度及倾向性,探讨了这些因素与语言学习的关系,并就如何改进大学英语教学提出了相关建议。