WTO's Anti-dumping Rule and the Protection of Incumbents

Article VI of the GATT allows counter measures if goods are sold in a foreign market at a price below average production plus transportation costs. The present article analyses Article VI based on a simple game theoretic model with two countries and economies of scale in the production of one homogeneous good. It is shown that multiple equilibria exist under the WTO rule for some parameter values that do not exist without the rule. In some equilibria, the incumbent serves the entire market even if the entrant can produce at lower costs. The model supports the criticism of the anti-dumping rule as an instrument of protection by industrialized countries against competition from developing countries.     

Systems science serves enterprise integration: a tutorial

Enterprise integration is a major global challenge of these times. It is now possible for a new generation of practitioners to engage this challenge selectively by applying a recently articulated version of systems science (WSS). This tutorial paper argues that a half-century of disarray of the systems field can be seen as ending; and that the distillation of WSS to support a wide variety of application areas (in this instance, enterprise integration) can occupy practitioners as they harness the work program of complexity (WPOC) selectively. Carrying out the WPOC yields predictable portfolio components, consisting of a well-defined mix of tangible and intangible products. The three causes of poor intellectual productivity identified by Kenneth Boulding are nullified when appropriate role matching is achieved between WSS and enterprise integration.     

绿色供应商选择研究

绿色供应商的选择应符合循环经济和绿色供应链的发展要求,运用直觉模糊多属性决策的方法,选择绿色供应链管理中绿色供应商可以使评选出的结果更加符合实际。     

Who Plays the Key Role among Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong Stock Markets？

In this paper we examine the daily frequency stock market indices of Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong from January 2000 to June 2012, and use the Morlet wavelet coherence model to determine who is playing the most important role in the financial markets of China. We find that there are significant comovements between these stock markets in the medium and long run. This provides investors with opportunities to increase their capital gains. The Hong Kong stock market plays a leading role in the long run, but its leader position is threatened by fast‐growing Chinese mainland stock markets, especially the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Based on our analysis, the following suggestions apply to the Chinese stock markets: establish and improve international and regional finance centers in Chinese mainland; encourage more qualified institutional investors; reposition the market relations among Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen; and increase deregulation and internationalization to speed up the integration of financial resources.     

现代农业生产模式与多元支撑体系研究

改革开放三十年,我国农业取得了长足发展,但与国际先进水平相差甚远,因此加强对农业生产模式的研究具有重要的现实意义。由于农业经济基础薄弱,我国现代农业生产具有一系列的独特特征,总体表现为由以"农户"为中心的传统模式向以市场为导向、以示范户为牵引、以专家指导为依托(即由区域政府、农业专家、经济组织、示范户联合牵动)的产供销一体化模式转变,并最终发展成为与农业生产经营有关的物流、信息流及资金流集成的、以增加农民收入为目标的产业集群模式。其中,经济组织和农业专家将分别起着承上启下和科技成果应用的作用。而农业区域资源计划的概念正体现了我国国情下,产供销一体化的产业集群模式中,现代农业生产模式及其多元支撑体系的内涵。     

土地经营规模对农户种粮收入的影响分析——以吉林省公主岭市为例

土地是财富之母,土地作为农民进行农业生产的基本生产资料,是农民收入来源的重要依托。家庭联产承包责任制实施至今虽然取得很大成就,但是以家庭经营为主的传统经营方式弊端日益显现,农民种粮收入难以实现有效增长。[目的]为了达到农村土地适度规模经营,调整农村产业结构、促进农民增收、加快小城镇建设等目的。[方法]通过选取产粮大县公主岭市为研究对象,利用实地调研数据对不同土地经营规模下的种粮成本及利润水平进行比较,并运用c-D生产函数对数据进行多元线性回归分析。[结果]从种植成本来看,5~20hm~2中等经营规模投入的综合成本低于5hm~2以下小规模和20hm~2以上大规模经营;从利润来看,5~20hm~2中等经营规模无论是自有承包地还是转包地所获得的每667m~2平均利润均高于小规模和大规模的经营规模。[结论]公主岭市农户土地经营面积为5~20hm~2的中规模优于其他土地经营规模。同时运用多元线性回归模型分析其对农户种粮收入的影响程度,进一步证实土地经营规模对农民种粮收入具有积极促进作用。从而提出推进公主岭市土地适度规模经营的对策建议。     

基于多元线性回归的上海市生产性服务业和汽车产业发展的关联分析

生产性服务业是上海市“十二五”重点发展产业,“十二五”期间是上海市汽车产业的关键时期,发展基于汽车行业的生产性服务业将有效促进上海市两大关键产业的发展.从上海市生产性服务业和汽车产业发展的实践出发,基于生产性服务业和汽车行业的关联性概念模型,应用多元线性回归技术,通过对上海市生产性服务业、汽车产业及其外部环境因素的多元线性回归,论文研究了上海市生产性服务业、汽车产业和外部环境的数量关联及其含义.     

Optimal reinsurance arrangements in the presence of two reinsurers

In this paper, we investigate the optimal form of reinsurance from the perspective of an insurer when he decides to cede part of the loss to two reinsurers, where the first reinsurer calculates the premium by expected value principle while the premium principle adopted by the second reinsurer satisfies three axioms: distribution invariance, risk loading, and preserving stop-loss order. In order to exclude the moral hazard, a typical reinsurance treaty assumes that both the insurer and reinsurers are obligated to pay more for the larger loss. Under the criterion of minimizing value at risk (VaR) or conditional value at risk (CVaR) of the insurer's total risk exposure, we show that an optimal reinsurance policy is to cede two adjacent layers, where the upper layer is distributed to the first reinsurer. To further illustrate the applicability of our results, we derive explicitly the optimal layer reinsurance by assuming a generalized Wang's premium principle to the second reinsurer.     

Determinants of demand for international tourist flows to Turkey

This article describes the development and findings of a set of models used to identify the most important of the following selected variables influencing international tourist flows to Turkey: per capita income; relative prices; relative exchange rate; promotional expenditure (the Turkish Government has invested a substantial amount in promoting foreign tourism) and ‘special events’, eg political unrest. The demand for travel was measured both by the number of tourists, and by the total tourist expenditure. Data were obtained from secondary sources, and analysis was by least squares multiple regression. Income, price and exchange rate were found to be important factors but the impact of promotional expenditure was minimal     

巴江口水电站综合办公楼防雷设计方案

随着现代社会的发展，建筑物的规模不断扩大，其内各种电气设备的使用日趋增多，尤其是随着计算机网络信息技术的普及，建筑物越来越多采用各种信息化的电气设备。广西每年因雷击破坏建筑物内电气设备的事件时有发生，所造成的损失非常巨大。因此，建筑物的防雷设计显得尤为重要。笔者结合实际工作，以巴江口水电站综合办公楼防雷设计为例，提出建筑物综合防雷工程设计方案。