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41.
42.
Domenico Mario Nuti 《Economics of Transition》1996,4(1):137-158
Central and Eastern European economies have made extraordinary progress in their trade and exchange regimes. Surprisingly, instant convertibility was established for a great variety of exchange rate regimes. In spite of diversity, all these countries have followed a common pattern: severe initial undervaluation - the cost of speed and unrestricted trade - followed by rapid real revaluation and incipient protectionism. Since 1994 in many cases an embarrass de richesse has appeared: high capital inflows which are either inflationary or costly to sterilize. A major cause of these flows - or at any rate of the high cost of sterilization - is the presence of significant interest rate differentials higher than required to cover the risk of devaluation. These are the necessary consequence of a policy of positive real interest rates and of real revaluation from excessively undervalued exchange rates. Lower interest rates are recommended, both to stem financial capital inflows and to reduce the cost of their sterilization. 相似文献
43.
Aart Kraay 《Journal of International Economics》2003,59(2):297-321
Do high interest rates defend currencies during speculative attacks? Or do they have the perverse effect of increasing the probability of a devaluation of the currency under attack? Drawing on evidence from a large sample of speculative attacks in developed and developing economies, this paper argues that the answer to both questions is ‘no’. In particular, this paper documents a striking lack of any systematic association whatsoever between interest rates and the outcome of speculative attacks. The lack of clear empirical evidence on the effects of high interest rates during speculative attacks mirrors the theoretical ambiguities on this issue. 相似文献
44.
《Journal of International Economics》2003,59(1):137-159
Using an optimizing model of a small open economy, this paper studies the macroeconomic effects of PPP rules whereby the government increases the devaluation rate when the real exchange rate—defined as the price of tradables in terms of nontradables—is below its long-run level and reduces the devaluation rate when the real exchange rate is above its long-run level. The paper shows that the mere existence of such a rule can generate aggregate instability due to self-fulfilling expectations. The result is shown to obtain in both flexible- and sluggish-price environments. 相似文献
45.
André Sobczak 《Journal of Business Ethics》2003,44(2-3):225-234
In the past ten years, many European companies organised into subcontracting networks have decided to adopt codes of conduct to regulate labour relations and to ensure the respect of fundamental social rights. This paper first determines the context and the issues to be addressed by codes of conduct within networks of companies, and second analyses the terms under which they can be implemented. The paper argues that codes of conduct can complement the standards developed by States, the European Union or the social partners, but that steps should be taken in order to avoid that these texts replace the existing labour law. 相似文献
46.
In this paper a multi-factor generalization of Ho–Lee model is proposed. In sharp contrast to the classical Ho–Lee, this generalization
allows for those movements other than parallel shifts, while it still is described by a recombining tree, and is a process
with stationary independent increments to be compatible with principal component analysis. Based on the model, generalizations
of duration-based hedging are proposed. A continuous-time limit of the model is also discussed.
This research was supported by Open Research Center Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT, 2004–2008
and also by Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research (No. 18540146) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences. 相似文献
47.
We investigate bank stocks'sensitivity to changes in interest rates and the factors affecting this sensitivity. We focus on whether the exposure of commercial banks to interest rate risk is conditioned on certain balance sheet and income statement ratios. We find a significantly negative relation between bank stock returns and changes in interest rates over the period 1991–1996. We also find that bank characteristics measured from basic financial statement information explain bank stocks'sensitivity to interest rate changes. These results suggest that bank managers, analysts, and regulators can use this information to assess the relative risk exposure of banks. 相似文献
48.
We evaluate and qualify Friedman's, 1953, “case for flexible exchange rates” in the presence of sticky prices in a two country
model. We find that a flexible regime performs indeed better when the degree of nominal price rigidity is high while a bilateral
peg does better when prices are fairly flexible. This result obtains independent of whether monetary policy is activistic
or not and is mostly due to the negative relationship between employment and productivity shocks when prices are relatively
sluggish (Gali, 1999). A unilateral peg tends to produce the lowest level of world welfare but it sometimes represents the
best monetary arrangement for the pegger.
JEL Classification Numbers: E32, E52, F33, F42 相似文献
49.
An extensive collection of continuous-time models of the short-term interest rate is evaluated over data sets that have appeared previously in the literature. The analysis, which uses the simulated maximum likelihood procedure proposed by Durham and Gallant (2002), provides new insights regarding several previously unresolved questions. For single factor models, I find that the volatility, not the drift, is the critical component in model specification. Allowing for additional flexibility beyond a constant term in the drift provides negligible benefit. While constant drift would appear to imply that the short rate is nonstationary, in fact, stationarity is volatility-induced. The simple constant elasticity of volatility model fits weekly observations of the three-month Treasury bill rate remarkably well but is easily rejected when compared with more flexible volatility specifications over daily data. The methodology of Durham and Gallant can also be used to estimate stochastic volatility models. While adding the latent volatility component provides a large improvement in the likelihood for the physical process, it does little to improve bond-pricing performance. 相似文献
50.
统一战线有广义和狭义之分,新时期内地统一战线的核心工作是组织和开展党派监督,这是统一战线理论假设运用于当代中国而形成的必然逻辑推论。要使这一核心工作得以落实,一些程序化的操作建议可供参考。 相似文献