Genetically Modified Crops: Their Market and Welfare Impacts

A framework is developed for examining price and welfare effects of the introduction of genetically modified (GM) products. In the short run, non-GM grain generally becomes another identity-preserved product. However, more profound market effects are observed under some reasonable parameterizations. When calibrated to reflect the U.S. corn market, introducing GM technology increases aggregate welfare over a wide range of scenarios, unless the corresponding production cost savings are small and consumers are seriously concerned about GM products. The possibility that GM technology may reduce aggregate welfare is interesting because the model assumes rational agents and does not include regulatory constraints.     

我国公益型水利工程项目投融资体制改革的设想

在介绍我国公益型水利工程项目的投融资体制的基础上，对我国公益型水利工程项目的投融资体制中存在的问题进行了系统阐述。同时，结合国外水利工程项目投融资的经验和做法，提出我国公益型水利工程项目投融资体制改革的设想。     

社区居民“整体搬迁”模式对生态旅游景区管理的影响——以新疆喀纳斯生态旅游景区为例

自然保护区内少数民族原住民是旅游大社区中的一个群体,其旅游参与内容及深度对旅游发展有重要影响。国内一些生态旅游景区在开发中采取了原住民整体搬迁模式。以新疆喀纳斯生态旅游景区为例的调查研究发现,此种搬迁模式下的原住民旅游参与方式与内容,对景区可持续发展产生了严重的消极影响。如游客管理疏导不力,游程不畅,削弱了景区市场营销的优势,抑制了景区环境管理的力量,降低了景区旅游供需调节能力等。     

Consumption effects of genetic modification: what if consumers are right?⋆

This paper develops a model of differentiated consumers to examine the consumption effects of genetic modification (GM) under alternative labelling regimes and segregation enforcement scenarios. Analytical results show that if consumers perceive GM products as being different than their traditional counterparts, GM affects consumer welfare and, thus, consumption decisions. When the existence of market imperfections in one or more stages of the supply chain prevents the transmission of cost savings associated with the new technology to consumers, GM results in welfare losses for consumers. The analysis shows that the relative welfare ranking of the ‘no labelling’ and ‘mandatory labelling’ regimes depends on: (i) the level of consumer aversion to GM products; (ii) the size of marketing and segregation costs under mandatory labelling; (iii) the share of the GM product in total production; and (iv) the extent to which GM products are incorrectly labelled as non‐GM products.     

风险分类对保险市场效率的影响分析

本文将社会福利作为衡量保险市场效率的标准,分析保险人的风险分类行为是否有助于信息不对称保险市场效率的提高.本文首先证明了信息不对称保险市场存在市场失灵,然后比较了实施风险分类前后社会福利的差异.结论表明:当保险市场处于R-S均衡时,准确性较高的分类能使社会福利得到改进,准确性不高的分类不能使社会福利得到改进;当保险市场...     

近年来关于适度普惠型社会福利的研究综述

近年来国内学界对社会福利制度改革作了适度普惠型的定向,从国际经验和中国国情两方面探讨了新型社会福利的建立依据,对适度普惠型社会福利的内涵、特征、政策制度原则进入了深入分析,并从目前的重点突破口和未来的发展阶段两方面提出了有针对性的实践路径。     

公共福利支出视角下的农村社会保障体系建设

对于我国现行的农村社会保障体系,本文基于财政福利支出的视角提出了相关问题,主要包括：支出导向单一化、支出监督管理存在多方面的问题。随后,本文介绍了福利支出项目在社会保障体系中的分配功能及其政策效应。最后,根据农村公共福利支出多样化的发展要求,基于提高农民素质、发挥农民劳动力优势的目标,本文提出了完善我国农村社会保障体系的相关政策建议。     

On mandatory labeling of animal welfare attributes

This paper assesses US resident support for mandatory labeling of animal welfare information on pork and egg products and outlines policy considerations for assessment prior to implementing any mandatory labeling policies regarding animal welfare practices. Results suggest consumers support mandatory labeling indicating use of gestation crates (stalls) and laying hen cages. Estimates suggest consumers would be willing to pay about 20% higher pork and egg prices to obtain this production practice information. Demographic and latent perception drivers of this support are highlighted. Multiple issues that warrant consideration prior to imposing mandatory labeling are discussed revealing lines of corresponding future research.     

浙江省推行居民阶梯电价情况及出现的问题与对策

居民阶梯电价是一项运用价格杠杆作用有效引导居民合理用电、节约用电的电价制度。浙江省是全国最早推行居民阶梯电价政策的省份之一,根据浙江省推行居民阶梯电价情况,针对推行居民阶梯电价过程中面临的电价水平、户表改造、供电服务等方面的难点问题,从合理确定居民电价水平、阶梯基础电量等角度提出了解决问题的对策。     

中国社会福利的地区差异分析

为了分析中国社会福利的地区差异,本文考察近年来中国各地区的社会福利支出现状,分析了各地区的社会福利支出的地区差异分布,认为地区差异分布是由各地方政府之间存在的财政支出能力和社会福利制度结构上的差异所致。最后,本文提出若干缩小社会福利地区差距的措施建议。