专业化交易地理集中、区域市场一体化与浙中内陆城市圈层化——“义乌商圈”的空间效应分析

基于专业化交易地理集中促成的总合交易费用节约,义乌市场不仅衍生出周边产业集群,从而提升义乌城市集聚度,并进一步引致周边的浙中城市群走上圈层化的发展路径,构建起基于自主层级体系的城市共同体。本文借助新兴古典城市网络分层模型刻画了圈层化的微观机制,并启示内陆城市形成自主共同体,以获取类似海滨城市优势的途径。     

品牌集中度及其度量模型研究

市场集中度是描述市场结构特征的重要指标,它是从厂商角度对市场份额、业务规模等经济指标进行度量的,但它是一种静态指标,无法揭示不同品牌定位的厂商策略行为以及市场结构的动态演变。在引入品牌因素构建简单的品牌集中度模型及从消费者选择角度对市场结构的特征和演变进行分析后发现,厂商的市场份额与品牌需求强度系数呈同方向变动,与品型需求系数呈同方向变动,与价格呈反方向变动,与品牌信用度呈同方向变动;而且品牌信用度愈大,品牌集中度也愈高。中国电冰箱行业的市场结构特征和演进的实证分析显示,该模型具有较强的现实解释力。     

我国农业保险供求主体有效合作模式的思考

近年来,我国农业保险快速发展,但仍存在着承保额不足、基础服务不完善、经营区域划分不合理等问题。本文基于农业保险合作模式的效用分析,认为政府主导下商业保险公司经营模式是比较符合我国国情,能够充分调动政府、企业、农民三方积极性的有效的农业保险组织发展模式。为了保证这一合作模式的落实,本文从完善农业保险的激励机制、保障机制和监督机制等方面提出了对策建议。     

多哈回合谈判的困局及出路

经过近九个年头的谈判,多哈回合仍然没有任何结果,让人觉得前途暗淡。然而必须看到,多哈回合的胜利完成,一方面,会带来更大的贸易自由化;另一方面,可以抵御日渐抬头的贸易保护主义;而它的失败则会对全球贸易带来严重后果。因此,针对目前的僵局,发达国家应该做出更多让步;小国家则应该组成不同的集团,以集团代表的方式参加各项议题的讨论;而谈判委员会主席的工作和职权则应该受到更多的约束。只有各方都做出调整,谈判才有可能顺利完成。     

大亚湾核电站供应商的选择和评价

供应商的选择和评价是供应商管理的重要环节。供应商分级管理的目的是将电站有限的资源集中用于较重要的物项或服务上,分级的基础是物项或服务的质量分级和质保分级。对不同等级的供应商采用不同的选择方法,潜在供应商要经过资格预审、源地评审过程才能成为公司的合格供应商。对合格供应商提供的物项或服务的质量需进行表现评价,根据评价结果要求供应商进行改进或对不合格的供应商进行淘汰,从而不断提高供应商提供的物项或服务的质量水平。     

电网物资供应商的评价与选择及其软件设计

文章介绍了电网物资供应商评价的指标体系设计原则，并对其评价与选择的方法进行了确定后，通过分析建立了适合电网经营企业的物资供应商评价体系，对其供应商评价与选择的计算步骤进行了说明，同时讨论了层次分析法的软件系统设计，给出了框图。     

VERTICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

The paper analyses the effects of income concentration on the behaviour of a duopoly with vertical product differentiation and uncovered market. By using a trapezoid distribution, we solve explicitly for market equilibrium as a function of a mean preserving spread of the income distribution. We show that overall more concentrated incomes imply stronger product differentiation, as the presence of a large share of middle‐income consumers stimulates a price competition, whose effects are dampened through an enlargement of the quality spread. While the high‐quality advantage and market coverage increase unambiguously in the degree of income concentration, the behaviour of prices is non‐monotone in the distribution parameter.     

基于SCP范式的我国民航业市场现状分析

改革开放以来,我国民航业得到了长足的发展,市场规模不断扩大。但是民航业在市场化过程中并不是一帆风顺。目前,整个行业还存在市场机制不完善、恶性竞争、政策管制过严等诸多的问题。本文对目前我国的民航客运市场进行“结构—行为—绩效”即SCP分析,对我国民航客运市场的市场集中度、进入壁垒、定价行为以及市场绩效等问题进行考察分析,从而找出问题,并得出结论和建议。     

Competition and Concentration in the New European Banking Landscape

This paper measures the degree of concentration and competition in the enlarged European Union (EU) banking environment over the period 1998–2002. In the empirical part we opt for a methodology as proposed by Panzar and Rosse based on a non‐structural estimation of market competition. Our results suggest that European banks were operating under conditions of monopolistic competition and that bank interest revenues in the 10 new EU member states was earned under conditions of higher competition than those that existed in the old EU banking countries. The opposite result was observed for total operating revenues. Smaller banks earn interest income in a less competitive environment than larger banks, while the opposite is observed for total revenues.     

Concentration of the UK Stock Market

Abstract:  During 1999 and 2000 a large number of articles appeared in the financial press which argued that the concentration of the FTSE 100 had increased. Many of these reports suggested that stock market volatility in the UK had risen, because the concentration of its stock markets had increased. This study undertakes a comprehensive measurement of stock market concentration using the FTSE 100 index. We find that during 1999, 2000 and 2001 stock market concentration was noticeably higher than at any other time since the index was introduced. When we measure the volatility of the FTSE 100 index we do not find an association between concentration and its volatility. When we examine the variances and covariance's of the FTSE 100 constituents we find that security volatility appears to be positively related to concentration changes but concentration and the size of security covariances appear to be negatively related. We simulate the variance of four versions of the FTSE 100 index; in each version of the index the weighting structure reflects either an equally weighted index, or one with levels of low, intermediate or high concentration. We find that moving from low to high concentration has very little impact on the volatility of the index. To complete the study we estimate the minimum variance portfolio for the FTSE 100, we then compare concentration levels of this index to those formed on the basis of market weighting. We find that realised FTSE index weightings are higher than for the minimum variance index.