Is the US Phillips curve stable? Evidence from Bayesian vector autoregressions*

It has been claimed that the fall in US inflation during the Great Recession was surprisingly small. One possible explanation for this is that the Phillips curve is unstable and that its slope was lower around the Great Recession. We investigate the importance of time-varying parameters using Bayesian vector autoregressions for inflation and unemployment. We find support for time variation in the inflation equation and an unstable Phillips curve that was somewhat flatter between 2005 and 2013. However, conditional forecasts mostly suggest that inflation was not unexpectedly high around the Great Recession, which puts the claim of a “missing disinflation” into question.     

Do Newly Listed Derivatives Affect the Market Risk Premium in a Thin Stock Market?

This study examines the effects on the stock market unitaryrisk premium and volatility associated with the listing of stockand stock index derivatives in Switzerland. Based on a univariateGARCH (1,1) specification of the stock index variance and atime-varying unitary risk premium representation, we can rejectthe hypothesis that stock and stock index derivatives listingsdo not affect the total risk premium. Contrarily to previousempirical evidence, we find that derivatives listings affectboth the conditional market returns’ variance and theunitary risk premium through structural shocks. The gradualmarket completion hypothesis is further corroborated in that,cumulatively, the three stock and stock index options futuresderivatives listings reduced the unitary risk premium whilethe marginal impact of each successive listing decayed. JELClassification: G12, G14.     

Dependence patterns among Asian banking sector stocks: A copula approach

Asian banks have recorded 22 banking crisis between 1945 and 2008 and its total share of years in a banking crisis since 1945 is 12.4%, the highest compared to all regions. Interestingly, most of the financial institutions in the region remained largely unscathed during the recent global financial crisis, mainly due to their strong liquidity and capital buffers. Yet, given the episodes of past crisis, the rapid increase in regional corporations and cross-border flows in the region, as well as the paramount importance of the banking sector in the Asian region, it is interesting to study how the banking sectors in the various economies co-move with each other. Against this backdrop, we examine the dependence structure between banking sectors in the region using copula functions. Several findings are documented. First, average dependence generally remain at moderate levels, though dependence between the banking sectors of the developed Asian markets are relatively higher than the emerging markets. Second, we find evidence of asymmetric dependence, suggesting that banking sector returns co-movement varies in bearish and bullish markets. Third, our results show a mild increase in the bivariate dynamic correlations during crisis periods, indicating very limited risk of contagion. Our results provide significant implications for portfolio managers and policymakers.     

隐性经济约束下的动态最优税负——基于状态空间模型的实证

隐性经济活动因其逃避税收监管而对宏观税负产生影响。隐性经济作为国民经济核算与监察的遗漏项,客观上起到了减税的作用。在隐性经济影响下,现实经济动态的非均衡性决定了最优税负也是时变的,并不存在一个固定不变的税负水平使经济增长最大化;最优税负是判断现实宏观税负高低的标准,当前税收并非我国经济增长的消减因素,说明宏观税负整体上是合适的。隐性经济领域是潜在的税源,结构性减税在考虑不同产业、不同部门之间税收平衡的同时,更应关注已观测经济与隐性经济税收负担的公平性。     

Time-varying transmission effects of external shocks into inflation: how different is China from Korea?

This article examined the time-varying effects of external shocks that determine inflation on Chinese and Korean consumer price index (CPI) inflation, using data from the period 2010:1 to 2013:4. For this experimentation, we adopted the Kalman filter algorithm. Key findings include the following: first, the lagged CPI inflation is the main determinant of inflation rate in both China and Korea that is significant and has positive effects. Second, as expected, the effects of independent variables on CPI inflation rate have a considerable difference in China and Korea from the coefficients’ size and sign. Especially, China’s CPI inflation is mainly affected by domestic output growth, while Korea is more readily affected by external shocks. Third, we confirmed the time-varying effects. For instance, the positive effect of the output variable is decreasing in the Chinese inflation equation, but its negative effect is decreasing in the Korean inflation equation. Finally, we can guess Korea is a more import dependent economy than China and also the trends of estimated coefficients of China’s inflation are changing similarly to Korea. It has been proved from recent changes that there is a decreasing effect of output growth, but negatively and increasing effects of exchange rate and import dependence. Hence, those recent changes imply that this is caused by the change of the Chinese economy to be more trade dependent as well as we cannot deny the possibility of the external factors that play a role in CPI inflation, and its influence is gradually increasing in China.     

“金融加速器效应”抑或“理性资产价格泡沫效应”——基于货币政策、资产价格与经济波动的时变关系研究

现阶段中国经济面临下行压力,资产价格已到高位,探寻不同金融和经济环境下货币政策如何兼顾\"稳增长\"和\"防风险\"显得非常必要而紧迫,而\"金融加速器\"理论和\"理性资产价格泡沫\"理论对货币政策的选择提供了矛盾的理论依据。利用主成分分析法构建了包括股票、房地产、债券和基金的中国金融资产综合价格指数,以2006年第四季度至2020年第一季度为研究期,基于TVP-SV-VAR模型研究了货币政策、资产价格与经济波动三者之间的时变关系。研究发现：在正常经济环境中,中国存在\"金融加速器效应\",但资产价格达到高位之后,\"理性资产价格泡沫效应\"显现,即资产价格随着利率的提高而上升;随着时间推移和中国资产价格泡沫程度的提高,\"利率下降→宏观经济增长\"这一政策传导渠道的有效性逐渐降低;资产价格上涨短期内推动经济增长,严重泡沫时可能抑制经济增长;建议目前宏观调控方向为\"扩信用,稳货币,松财政\"。     

铁矿石价格、国际航运与中国股票市场间的时变溢出效应——来自TVP-VAR-DY模型的证据

采用时频参数向量自回归（TVP-VAR）连通性方法,使用2017年1月4日至2023年3月6日的日度数据探讨铁矿石价格、国际航运与中国股票市场间的时变溢出效应。实证结果表明：国际航运是最强烈的溢出效应;中国股票市场是溢出效应的传导因素;铁矿石价格是主要的接收者。整个溢出效应是时变的,在危机时期溢出效应显著增强,在特殊时期溢出与接收关系会发生短暂的改变。     

国际棉花期权与期货套保模型选择

为改变期权领域德尔塔套保的单一模式,本文将二元GARCH 模型和Copula GARCH模型引入国际棉花期权与期货的套保。研究发现：二元GARCH（或Copula GARCH）模型在最大均值方差比原则下效果不好,但在最小VaR原则下,无论是从方差角度还是均值、夏普比角度看都有效,因此,二元GARCH（或Copula GARCH） 最小VaR 模型可以作为德尔塔套保之外的一种可行方法。相比较套保比、均值和夏普比方面,德尔塔更具优势,方差方面Copula GARCH更有优势,二元GARCH介于二者之间。因此,在运用国际棉花期权进行套保时,可以在风险较大时采用Copula GARCH 最小VaR套保模型,风险适中时选择二元GARCH 最小VaR模型,风险小时采用德尔塔套保模型,灵活应对,力求在规避风险的同时谋求收益最大化。同时,在套保比动态调整中要重点关注期权的虚实变化和换月时点。     

中国数量型和价格型货币政策的价格时变效应——基于CPI与PPI“虚假背离”的分析

近年来,中国CPI与PPI多次出现背离式增长,中央银行的货币政策陷入两难。通过构建SV-TVP-FAVAR模型,利用三维脉冲响应分析货币政策对CPI与PPI的时变效应及CPI与PPI相对背离的宏观经济效应。结果显示：数量型和价格型货币政策均具有价格效应,效应维度、效应极值与经济周期、价格指标有关;因此,从CPI与PPI背离的宏观经济效应看,CPI与PPI的阶段性背离实属“虚假背离”,并未带来“外部不经济”。新常态下,中央银行应充分认识CPI与PPI的背离态势,破解物价调控失效的“货币政策之谜”。     

我国工业企业绿色创新效率评价

绿色创新有助于实现我国经济的可持续发展。作为经济发展的重要参与主体,工业企业绿色创新效率的提升,有助于实现我国工业的绿色转型。本文采用面板时变随机前沿模型测算了2013—2017年我国各省份工业企业的绿色创新效率。研究发现：自2013年以来,我国工业企业的绿色创新水平不断得到改善;创新效率呈现出时变特征,整体随时间变化而不断优化;分地区看,各省份存在经济发展与环境管理责任的相机决策;分区域看,东中西三大地区存在一定的创新差距,但呈现出收敛趋势。