Contractibility,Strategy, and Network Dynamics: From Franchising to Licensing

The article examines the network dynamics from franchising to licensing due to the increase of contractibility of the franchiser's system-specific assets as determinant of the allocation of decision rights between the network partners. Based on the property rights approach, residual decision rights must be allocated according to the distribution of intangible knowledge assets between the franchiser and franchisee. Our analysis derives the following hypothesis: The more contractible the franchiser's system-specific assets, the higher is the tendency from franchising toward licensing. In addition, we investigate the impact of strategy change on the standardization (contractibility) of system-specific assets and the network governance. We argue that a change of strategy may increase the contractibility of system-specific know-how and consequently the tendency toward licensing. This study presents empirical evidence from company Getifix on the network dynamics from franchising to licensing.     

Roy Harrod and traditional theory

In 1926 and 1936 Sraff and Keynes attacked the methodological core of traditional economic theory by showing that the premises of partial equilibrium analysis were mutually inconsistent.

this paper aims to show that Harrod neglected Sraffa and Keynes's logical arguments, and only admitted that the tacit assumptions under discussion restricted the domain of validityof the theory to special cases: perfect competition and statics. He then proceeded to generalize the theory to imperfect competition and dynamics by applying the principles (but not the instruments) of traditional analysis. The definition of these domains thus aimede at rescuing as mush as possible from the orthodox approach.     

基于反馈信号检测的汽车疑难故障诊断

通过对现代汽车反馈传感器信号检测的结果分析，总结目前机动车疑难故障诊断的新的方法和思路，对汽车维修中常见的无明显故障码的现象产生原因进行研究，提出了相应的解决办法和应对措施．对汽车反馈传感器波形检测的实车应用进行了有意义的探讨和论证．     

Disaster‐Relief Logistics With Limited Fuel Supply

Disaster‐relief logistics consists of providing adequate emergency supplies rapidly to the affected people so as to minimize human suffering and death. This study empirically examines the impact that the shortage of fuel, a commonly encountered problem in many disaster situations, can have on the effectiveness of disaster‐relief logistics operations. We focus on investigating the following two issues: (1) whether the shortage of fuel is more damaging in attaining logistical goals than the equivalent‐sized shortage in emergency supplies themselves, and (2) what types of vehicles should be used when the fuel supply is limited. Results suggest that the shortage of fuel may be more damaging than the shortage of emergency supplies, and that smaller trucks may be preferred to larger trucks when the shortage of fuel becomes severe.     

Modeling green vehicle adoption: An integrated approach for policy evaluation

This article employs an integrated discrete-continuous car ownership model to jointly forecast households’ future preferences on vehicle type, quantity and use, and to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The model system is estimated on a dataset collected from a web-based stated preference survey conducted in Maryland in 2014. The data contain vehicle purchase decisions and sociodemographic information of 456 households who were requested to state their future preferences over a 9-year period (2014–2022). In each time period, a respondent is faced to four alternatives that include the current vehicle, a new gasoline vehicle, a new hybrid electric vehicle, and a new battery electric vehicle. Intertemporal choices between conventional and “green” vehicles such as hybrid and electric cars capture dynamics in vehicle purchase decisions. Short run and medium-long run situations were predicted and compared based on the first 4-year data and the entire 9-year data of the dynamic panel. Vehicle GHG emissions were calculated correspondingly. We find the introduction of “green” vehicles makes a positive impact on car ownership and use, especially in a medium-long run. Two “green” taxation policies, gasoline tax and ownership tax, were proposed and their impact on vehicle use and emission reductions was evaluated. Results indicate that: (a) gasoline tax is a more effective way to reduce vehicle miles traveled and GHG emissions and (b) gasoline tax makes a higher impact on car use and emission reductions in the medium-long run, while ownership tax makes a higher impact in the short run.     

江苏省开展机动车维护制度研究的必要性

近年来,江苏省机动车保有量快速增长,污染物排放呈逐年上升趋势。但机动车污染防治工作仍停留在被动管理状态,未完全实现对在用车辆的多方动态监管,从而造成了现阶段＂重检测轻维护＂的局面。积极开展机动车维护制度的研究,找出切实可行的工作程序和管理办法,将有助于推进交通节能减排工作的开展。     

一种基于RFID的AGV电磁导引新方式

针对传统电磁导引方式存在的缺陷,提出了双线轨道和节点RFID导向方法;进一步降低地面和系统成本,提高了路径设计及更改的灵活性;利用RFID中定位及存储关键词等方式增强了AGV自主导引能力;最后展望了新导引方式及AGVS在物联网中的应用前景和使用方式。     

论汽车企业工程零件清单(EPL)的管理方法

工程零件清单(EPL)用于向公司的其他业务部门传递开发车辆的零件信息,其准确性和完整性影响整个车辆开发过程。因此,EPL从项目初期建立模板到EPL冻结发布,如何保证工程零件清单的准确性至关重要。文章介绍了在整车开发流程(VDP)中的重要几个时间节点EPL的管理方法。     

西方经验背景下的俄罗斯报废汽车回收利用

俄罗斯是以汽车作为主要交通工具的国家之一。但长期以来，俄罗斯的老旧汽车回收始终处于粗放的自发状态。造成了环境污染和资源浪费。借鉴学习他国经验，建立自己的报废汽车回收利用体系，成为俄罗斯政府和社会的迫切任务。近年来，俄罗斯在这一领域取得了显著进展。     

Income inequality and economic growth

Despite the extensive existing literature on income inequality and economic growth, there remains considerable disagreement on the effect of inequality on economic growth. Existing literatures find either a positive or a negative relationship. In this paper, we attempt to theoretically examine that relationship with a stochastic optimal growth model. We make the disagreement clear within a single model. We conclude (i) that both are possible – that is, higher inequality can retard growth in the early stage of economic development, and can encourage growth in a near steady state, (ii) that income redistribution by high income tax does not always reduce income inequality. Income inequality can be reduced by higher income tax in a near steady state, but it cannot be reduced in the early stage of economic development, and (iii) that two government polices – rapid economic growth and low income inequality – can be achieved by low income tax in the early stage of economic development, but both cannot be achieved simultaneously in a near steady state.