日本企业系列与国际化战略

本文在专用性资产投资、长期交易关系和战略网络等方面对日本企业系列进行了经济学分析,讨论系列制在日本企业国际化战略中的作用,指出系列制是日本企业文化和产业组织内生的和具有独特竞争优势的制度安排,在国际化的制度环境中将对改进网络绩效发挥着更大的作用,同时也将接受更大的挑战。     

非线性电阻网络灵敏度的计算

本文提出一种计算非线性电阻网络灵敏度的新方法.和伴随网络法相比,在多端口情况下,它具有计算量小和易于编程等特点.     

Managing The Environment

Abstract

The literature on network management in the public sector reports positive effects of network activity on agency performance. Current studies show however no differences between specific types of contacts in an agency's environment. The present article adopts an explorative design to study the different types of environmental actors in the networks of nine colleges for nursing studies in the Netherlands. A typology of environmental ties is introduced, and applied to the nine cases. It appears that contacts to different types of actors reflect different levels of ambition in the network management of the colleges. The level of ambition in network management appears to be associated with two indicators for college performance: it is positively associated with diploma rate, and negatively associated with drop-out rates among freshmen. These results are discussed with reference to the current literature in public network management.     

Networks for the commercialization of innovations: A review of how divergent network actors contribute

Successful commercialization is of great importance to innovative firms, and the recent literature has increasingly acknowledged that networks make a contribution not only to research and development but also to commercialization. However, research on networks facilitating the commercialization of innovations is scattered across divergent disciplines. A single company is rarely capable of generating successful diffusion in the commercialization of an innovation; success often requires cooperation between individual actors and organizations, and support from stakeholders. Consequently, the network aspect of commercialization is crucial. The aim of this study is thus to integrate the knowledge on how current research and business has employed the network approach in commercialization, and how contributors external to the innovator firm can facilitate the commercialization of innovations. On the basis of an extensive metatheoretical literature review and a qualitative and quantitative content analysis on articles linking networks explicitly to commercialization, this study produces a conceptual synthesis on network actors' contribution potential to commercialization. The analysis identified divergent network approaches to commercialization and gathered extant knowledge on “commercialization networks” from the multidisciplinary literature of innovation management, marketing, management, technology, entrepreneurship, and other relevant disciplines. Networks for commercialization have been linked to divergent network approaches, such as industrial networks, social networks, strategic networks, and entrepreneurship networks. According to the findings, customers and users, distributors, complementaries, suppliers, investors, associations, public organizations, and policy makers and regulators can support commercialization by performing practical commercialization tasks, facilitating innovation adoption/diffusion and creating markets. We also identified four modes of contribution. In terms of methods, qualitative research dominates current examinations on the topic while longitudinal research and investigations from multiple network actors' perspectives are almost absent. The results also indicate a need to develop coherent conceptualizations and accumulate knowledge that would strengthen the theoretical basis of the research. A pivotal contribution of this article is that it is the first to generate an integrative framework and a research agenda on networks for commercialization — a theme that is emergent, multifaceted, and crucial to innovative companies.     

科技投入、网络特征与生态效率——以中原城市群为例

基于复杂网络研究的视角,以城市群生态效率为研究对象,探讨城市科技投入及网络特征对生态效率的影响。利用30个城市2003—2017年面板数据测度了中原城市群生态效率,基于地理引力模型构建城市群生态关联网络,获取城市个体网络特征指标,并分析城市科技投入和网络特征对生态效率的影响效果。研究发现:①中原城市群生态效率总体呈持续上升趋势,表现出"一体两翼"的空间分布态势;城市生态效率水平个体差异显著,且差距不断扩大。②城市群网络连通性较高,整体网络密度先升后降;郑-焦-洛-新等构成城市群的核心极,接近核心区域的城市生态水平较高;城市个体中心度差异较大。③科技投入、接近中心度对生态效率有显著正向影响,科技投入与接近中心度存在显著的交互作用且呈现正向影响;产业结构和城镇化率也对生态效率有显著的正向影响,而外资利用未表现出显著影响。     

Regional social capital: Embeddedness, innovation networks and regional economic development

Technology is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for regional economic development. Regional innovation networks transform technology into competitiveness of firms and thus contribute to economic development. Intangible assets, such as social capital, decide how effective regional innovation networks function. Differences in regional social capital thus help explain regional differences in economic development. Regional social capital originates from the embeddedness of firms in regional webs of social relations. The norms, values and customs of these networks facilitate collaboration for mutual benefit. As innovation is increasingly a network effort, embeddedness and social capital also help explain how and why networks of innovating companies are successful, as the case study of the Stimulus Cluster Scheme shows.     

社会变迁中的大学生思想教育工作之我见

当今大学生正处在社会深刻变革的重要时期，加强和改进大学生的思想教育工作是关系到二十一世纪国家前途和命运的大事，是社会主义精神文明建设的一项战略任务。针对目前大学生所处的这一新形势，试图从理想信念、心理健康、社会实践与创新、网络化教育等不同方面解决这一问题。     

一类新的模式识别联想神经网络

本文提出一类可用于模式识别的联想神经网络的综合方法,这类网络结构不受对称联接的限制,网络保证了要求的M类模式的稳定形成,且网络的容量远远超过Hopfield的联想神经网络,网络渐近稳定平衡点的吸引特性使受噪声污染的模式能得以正确恢复,体现了神经网络的非线性滤波性质。文中给出了综合一个这类联想网络计算机模拟以及模式识别的例子。     

Reverse importing and asymmetric trade and FDI: a networks explanation

This paper considers the impact of business and social networks on international trade and FDI. I propose that differences in the strength of network effects across countries can produce asymmetric trade and investment flows that may lead to trade friction. A firm from a country with strong network effects has a cost advantage in selling to buyers from its own country. This advantage results in lower inward FDI, lower total imports but larger volumes of reverse imports into the country with strong network effects. The model’s predictions match observed asymmetric trade and investment flows that sometimes lead to US-Japan trade friction.