美国关于科技资源共享的法律和法规

1966年美国国会通过由总统批准的《信息公开法》,开创了政府信息公开的先河,同时也是立法促进政府数据和信息资源公开、共享的首例。1976年又通过了《政府阳光法案》,由此形成了注重科技资源开放和共享的联邦政府政策体系。同时,实行分类管理科学数据,促进私营部门加入科技资源共享,解决关系国家安全、贸易秘密和隐私权的科研数据问题。     

基于信息不对称的物流金融风险缓释探讨

风险是目前物流金融的关键问题。文章以增强物流金融的实用性为出发点,采用三维立体图分析得出了信息不对称下物流金融的九大风险。针对这些风险,文章进行了基于物联网的可视化设计,并提出了相应的风险管理方法,为信息不对称下物流金融风险的缓释提供了建议与意见。     

论现代制造观的培养

针对上世纪末以来制造业在人类科技快速发展带动之下所产生的深刻变化,本文以机械制造及其自动化专业方向学生综合素质的提高为目标,在深入分析现代制造属性、特征的基础上,从深化学生主观认知的角度探讨了关于现代制造观的培养问题。     

国内外上市公司内部控制信息披露的比较研究

本文对美国、英国等国家的内部控制信息披露进行了梳理和比较,对中国内部控制信息的披露提出了政策建议。     

Simultaneous versus sequential information processing

Subjects update prior information simultaneously versus sequentially. The mean prediction is remarkably close to the correct Bayesian estimate with simultaneous information, but differs significantly conditional on whether good news precedes bad news or vice versa.     

ICT growth effects at the industry level: A comparison between the US and the EU

This is an empirical study on the growth impact of Information and Communication Technologies using industry-level data for the US and the EU industries over the period 1980-2000. A panel data approach is employed to estimate the ICT effect using the system GMM and the pooled mean group panel data estimators. The results vary depending on the period, the region, and the type of industry considered. The GMM estimates suggest a significant ICT effect on growth during the 90s both in the US and in the EU. This effect for the EU was strong in the early 90s and weakened afterwards, as opposed to the US where it strengthened in the late 90s. The results of the pooled mean group estimator confirm that the long run growth contribution of ICT was significantly positive in the industries of both regions and over the entire period 1980-2000. However, it seems that the productivity effects of ICT are mainly present in the industries which are either ICT producers or heavy ICT users.     

逆选择机制下的中小企业融资分析——非对称信息下银行与中小企业的委托代理模型

中小企业融资难问题是经济学界普遍关注的问题,其核心在于信息的非对称性。由于信息非对称,会诱发逆向选择和道德风险,导致中小企业在金融市场上被信贷配给。本文综述了前人的研究成果,并从信息问题出发,运用委托代理理论,在信息经济学的框架下分析和研究逆选择机制的发生及中小企业融资问题的根本所在,通过对完全信息和非对称信息下的合同进行对比分析,指出信息的重要性,最终从信息完善的视角,提出破解中小企业融资难问题的相关政策建议。     

Superexponential long-term trends in information technology

Moore's Law has created a popular perception of exponential progress in information technology. But is the progress of IT really exponential? In this paper we examine long time series of data documenting progress in information technology gathered by [1]. We analyze six different historical trends of progress for several technologies grouped into the following three functional tasks: information storage, information transportation (bandwidth), and information transformation (speed of computation). Five of the six datasets extend back to the nineteenth century. We perform statistical analyses and show that in all six cases one can reject the exponential hypothesis at statistically significant levels. In contrast, one cannot reject the hypothesis of superexponential growth with decreasing doubling times. This raises questions about whether past trends in the improvement of information technology are sustainable.     

Patent indicators for monitoring convergence - examples from NFF and ICT

The blurring of boundaries between hitherto distinct scientific disciplines, technologies or markets is a common and powerful phenomenon. Concentrating on monitoring convergence through patent indicators, we discuss convergence with examples from the area of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (NFF)/Cosmeceuticals as well as information technologies, consumer electronics, and telecommunications (ICT). We analyze 7455 scientific and patent references on phytosterols with the aid of SciFinder Scholar and 3836 documents employing STN AnaVist. Furthermore, we test an IPC co-classification based approach on 859,469 ICT-related and 341,846 NFF-related patents. Our results show clear indications for convergence and a proof of principle for our monitoring concept. Academics may better evaluate environmental parameters, like cases of convergence, influencing companies' actions. Implications for practitioners are based on a more reliable assessment prior to the forming of strategic alliances or mergers and acquisitions. This could help avoid costly adventures such as the mergers and acquisitions seen in ICT.     

Investment opportunities and dividend omissions

This study examines the market's reaction to dividend omission announcements and finds that if dividends are skipped to preserve cash for good investments, investors do not necessarily regard the omission as negative information. Markets penalize firms for dividend omissions only in the absence of a good stream of investments. In addition, the positive relation between investment opportunity and abnormal stock returns around the announcements is stronger when the level of information asymmetry between management and the rest of the market participants is low. Additional tests reveal that good omitters overcome underperformance faster in the post period. Overall, the results suggest that financial markets interpret differently the information conveyed in the announcement of dividend omission depending on the firm's future prospects.