IP over SDH的优势与局限性

本文结合网络传输技术的发展趋势，在介绍IP over SDH技术的基础上，详细分析了IP over SDH在技术和应用等各方面的优势及存在的某些局限性，探讨了网络传输技术今后的发展方向。     

H.323和SIP在IP多媒体网络中互通的实现

随着IP电话和视频通信的发展,H.323和SIP作为IP多媒体通信领域中被广泛采纳的两种信令控制协议,受到业界的普遍重视。如何有效地实现这两种协议之间的互通,成为近年来国内外研究的热点。本文在简要分析H.323和SIP互通要求的基础上,提出了两者互通的实现方案,并对互通需要解决的关键问题进行了讨论。     

Corruption,illegal trade and compliance with the Montreal Protocol

This paper studies the effects of corruption, rule of law and tariffs on illegal trade in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Since data on illegal trade is not available, it is not possible to test any theoretical conclusions about smuggling. The paper, however, attempts to circumvent the problem by developing a model of illegal trade in CFCs that derives predictions about the effects of corruption, rule of law and tariffs on both legal and illegal imports of CFCs. Then the theoretical predictions concerning legal imports are tested using panel data on CFC consumption. Using the estimates of legal imports, inferences about illegal trade are made. The basic findings indicate that knowledge about the degree of rule of law, corruption and the level of tariffs is needed for the correct interpretation of the data on environmental performance reported to international monitoring agencies.     

Well beyond streaming video: IPv6 and the next generation television

The Internet has provided a plethora of commercial opportunities, the majority of them arising from advances in software and networking. As the technology evolves in an ever increasing pace, new opportunities are bound to be created. This paper examines how one of these technologies, the 6th version of the Internet Protocol, may affect the Internet and the opportunities associated with it, by looking at one specific emerging application: Internet Television (IPTv). In particular, the paper examines the possible impact and implications of multicasting on television broadcasts. Television and cable broadcasters have looked for ways to exploit the potential of narrowcast for a long time, but conventional narrowcast business models have been hampered by the geographic and technological limitations in reaching audiences big enough to be economically viable. The Internet, however, is naturally disposed toward one-to-one communications and high levels of interactivity thus providing a significant platform from which to broadcast.The television industry has been selected in order to highlight that emerging Internet technologies can significantly affect well-established industries and markets and create new opportunities when carefully exploited. More specifically by reducing entry barriers it can allow SMEs to enter markets that traditionally required large investments. The paper discusses the implications for policy makers and regulatory bodies, entrepreneurs wishing to start new channels, established television broadcasters and finally the viewers themselves.     

2010年日本战略性新兴产业概要

亚洲等新兴国家的崛起，使日本受到巨大的竞争压力，面对竞争，日本认识到只有依靠自己的独有技术，实施制造业、服务业的创新，才能变危机为转机。本文探讨并介绍了日本2010年10个战略性新兴产业的发展概要。     

Impact of CO2 Emission Variation on Firm Performance

The quantifying and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most important tools for monitoring and auditing proposed to mitigate climate change, and it also directly affects business. It is thus vital that at this time we learn in detail whether firms actually report on greenhouse gas emissions and make the account entries that must be included within it. This research is twofold: first to analyse the reports on greenhouse gas emissions of international firms in the 2007 and 2008 period and to see what kind of variation occurs in CO₂ emissions between 2006–2007 and 2007–2008, and second to determine the impact that this variation (2006–2007) can have on firm performance in four time periods (t, t + 1, t + 2 and t + 3) that correspond to 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, taking two variables as a measure of firm performance, ROE and ROA, and considering a time period affected by a financial crisis. The results obtained show that there was a reduction in CO₂ emissions in the 2006–2007 period, and also in the 2007–2008 period. As regards the impact that the variation in CO₂ emissions has on ROE and ROA, CO₂ emission variation is a significant but negative variable only for ROA_2007 and for the rest of the years it is not statistically significant either for ROE or ROA. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Validating pharmaceutical product claims: questions a formulary committee should ask

Abstract

Claims, justifying the acceptance and placement of new products on health system formularies, are all too often presented in terms that are either unverifiable or only verifiable in a timeframe that is of no practical benefit to formulary committees. One solution is for formulary committees to request that (i) all predictive claims made should be capable of empirical testing and (ii) manufacturers in making submissions should be asked to submit a protocol that details how their claims are to be assessed. Evaluation of claims can provide not only a significant input to ongoing disease area and therapeutic reviews, but can also provide a needed link to comparative effectiveness research and value-based healthcare. This paper presents a set of protocol standards (PROST) together will questions that should be addressed in a protocol review.     

清洁发展机制——广东风电面临的机遇和问题

全球气候变暖所带来的环境问题是所有国家都担忧的问题,也是所有国家要承担的共同责任.<京都议定书>及其三大机制是迄今为止执行"共同但有区别的责任原则"最彻底的国际法律制度.清洁发展机制为工业化国家和发展中国家共同解决全球气候变暖问题提供了一个可行的机制,也给广东风电带来诸多机遇和问题.     

Global warming, commitment to the Kyoto protocol, and accounting disclosures by the largest global public firms from polluting industries

This study evaluates disclosures on pollution and greenhouse gases by firms domiciled in countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol compared to others. The study is based on disclosures made in the annual reports, environmental reports, and websites of 120 of the largest (in terms of revenues) public firms from the chemical, oil and gas, energy, and motor vehicles and casualty insurance industries. The study uses content analysis to construct weighted and unweighted disclosure indices.The results show that firms from countries that ratified the Protocol have higher disclosure indexes as compared to firms in other countries. Additionally, larger firms disclose more detailed pollution information. Multinational firms that operate in countries that ratified the Protocol but have their home offices in countries that did not are associated with lower disclosures. This lack of consistency in disclosure is not likely to be helpful in informing shareholders about the social responsibility of their investments.     

中国集成电路增值税优惠案的反思

中国加入WTO后被诉第一案是中国集成电路增值税优惠案。美国、加拿大、欧盟等国家或组织指控我国集成电路产品增值税即征即退政策违反了我国在《关税与贸易总协定》(GATT)第1条和第3条、《中国加入议定书》及《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)第17条下的义务。本文针对这些指控进行了全面分析,提出了相应观点和看法。