基于结构方程的我国制造业自主创新现状分析

制造业是国民经济的物质基础,是社会进步和富国强民之本,建立了结构方程模型,通过路径分析计算制造业自主创新各影响因素的路径系数,测定了现阶段我国制造业自主创新的现状,并对其进行了有效的分析。     

Discretionary rewards as a feedback mechanism

This paper studies the use of discretionary rewards in a finitely repeated principal–agent relationship with moral hazard. The key aspect is that rewards have informational content. When the principal obtains a private subjective signal about the agent's performance, she may pay discretionary bonuses to provide credible feedback to the agent. In accordance with the often observed compression of ratings, we show that in equilibrium the principal communicates the agent's interim performance imperfectly, i.e., she does not fully differentiate good and bad performance. Furthermore, we show that small rewards can have a large impact on the agent's effort, provided that the principal's stake in the project is small.     

农村小额信贷自组织制度缺陷及完善

选择性剥离与外部发展障碍是自组织小额信贷的两大制度缺陷,解决的办法是合理引入非市场机制及配套进行金融体制改革,并从利率、政府政策及法律制度诸多环节加以引导与扶持.     

民法中的自助行为及其限度——兼及不当自主行为所致民刑交叉问题

为助推《民法典》新增的自助行为的适用，亟须从解释论探讨，并考察其实践适用。自助行为本质为私力救济，为保护情况紧迫而无法及时获得公力救济的请求权而设，蕴含着民刑交叉属性。作为公力救济的例外，它仅能在特定情形下行使，以“拥有合法请求权”为前提，需满足“情况紧迫无法及时获得公力救济”以及“不实施自助行为将使权益损害难以弥补”的要件。至于自助行为应限于合理范围以及事后及时请求公力救济，则非该制度的构成要件，而是行为界限问题。自助行为既可针对相对人的财产，在特定情形下，亦可将《民法典》第1177条第1款中的“等合理措施”解释为可对相对人自由适当限制，但应契合“必要性”要求，并立即诉请公力救济。行为契合自助行为构造者，可阻却侵权违法，亦不会涉及刑事犯罪，而是出罪事由；反之，不当造成他人损害者，对相对人之损害仍应负赔偿责任，严重者，可能涉及向刑事犯罪的转化。对因自助行为引发的民刑交叉案件，应依循法秩序统一原理，严格控制入罪门槛，坚持先民后刑程序，正确界定罪与非罪。     

伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿的影响机制研究

基于社会交换和社会认知理论，以426名员工为调查样本，研究伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿的影响机制以及这一机制中创业自我效能感的中介作用与组织创业氛围的调节作用。结果表明，伦理型领导对员工内创业意愿有积极影响，创业自我效能感在伦理型领导与员工内创业意愿之间起部分中介作用，创业自我效能感的中介作用受组织创业氛围调节。最后，提出企业应该高度重视伦理型领导者选拔工作，注意营造浓郁的创业氛围，领导在平时工作中应关注员工的心理建设等建议。     

DOES STUDENT WORK REALLY AFFECT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES? A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

We review the theories put forward, methodological approaches used and empirical conclusions found in the multidisciplinary literature on the relationship between student employment and educational outcomes. A systematic comparison of the empirical work yields new insights that go beyond the overall reported negative effect of more intensive working schemes and that are of high academic and policy relevance. One such insight uncovered by our review is that student employment seems to have a more adverse effect on educational decisions (continuing studies and enrolment in tertiary education) than on educational performance (test and exam scores).     

Connected consumers' responses to negative brand actions: The roles of transgression self-relevance and domain

Brand misdeeds abound in the marketplace, but prior research indicates that having a strong connection with a brand buffers consumers from adverse effects of brand transgressions. However, the present research questions the scope of this buffering effect. The studies in this research demonstrate that strongly connected consumers are not so forgiving of a brand transgression if the brand's actions are personally relevant to them or if the negative actions are of an ethical nature rather than related to product performance. In particular, this research finds that the well-documented buffering effect emerges only when negative brand actions are not self-relevant for the individual consumer and the negative actions lie in the product, not ethical, domain. Therefore, contrary to the findings of prior research, connected consumers' brand attitudes are far from immune to brand misdeeds. Implications for managing brand crises conclude the article.     

基于自我决定论的员工个人企业家行为影响因素实证研究

员工个人企业家行为是一个新兴的组织行为学变量,环境干预和个体特征对其的影响有待进一步研究。调查样本来自西安高新技术和文化服务产业企业中的基层员工。研究结果表明：情感性支持（AS）、物质支持（MS）、关系支持（RS）、工作发展支持（JDS）等四个维度均对员工个人企业家行为中的个人创新行为维度有显著的正向促进作用;除AS外,MS、RS、JDS等维度均对营造创新氛围这一维度有显著的正向促进作用;内部动机对员工企业家行为有显著的正向促进作用;内部工作动机在POS中的AS、RS、JDS这三个维度与员工企业家行为中的两个维度之间起到部分中介作用。该结论证实了自我决定机制在环境因素影响个体内部动机从而影响个体行为中的作用,揭示了组织支持感影响员工个人企业家行为的心理一行为路径。     

不确定性规避与员工创新行为:创新自我效能感的中介作用

采用问卷调查的方式,共收到380名新疆科技型企业员工调查样本,采用层级回归的分析方法,探讨不确定性规避与员工创新行为的关系,重点探讨创新自我效能感在二者之间的中介作用。研究结果表明:不确定性规避与员工创新行为显著负相关,创新自我效能感在两者关系中起完全中介作用。结合组织情境和企业文化,提出了有效提升员工创新行为的政策建议。     

Accounting Students’ Planning,Writing, and Performance on a Time‐Constrained Case Analysis: Effects of Self‐Talk and Prior Achievement

When writing a case analysis, most students first allocate time to plan the content and structure of their response, and then proceed to write with differing degrees of urgency, the outcomes of which are case responses of differing quality. This study examines the extent to which planning time influences writing urgency and, ultimately, the quality of case responses in a time‐constrained setting. It also investigates whether these behaviors and outcomes depend on students’ frame of mind, by experimentally inducing differing types of pre‐examination self‐talk. Analyses show that planning time was negatively associated with writing urgency; students who spent more time planning subsequently wrote with less urgency. Writing urgency was positively associated with case response quality and, after controlling for differences in writing urgency, planning time was positively associated with response quality. Results indicate that different planning and writing behaviors can be induced by different forms of self‐talk prior to the writing task. Relative to interrogative self‐talk (“Will I …?”), exclamatory self‐talk (“I will …!”) caused higher‐achieving students to spend more time planning, but then write with less urgency and subsequently produce lower‐quality case responses. Conversely, after engaging in exclamatory rather than interrogative self‐talk, lower‐achieving students spent less time planning but then wrote with greater urgency and produced higher‐quality responses. These results indicate that (i) planning significantly affects writing and performance, (ii) students can influence their own planning behavior through pre‐task self‐talk, but (iii) pre‐task self‐talk can be beneficial or detrimental depending on students’ prior achievement.