Convergence with IFRS in an expanding Europe: progress and obstacles identified by large accounting firms’ survey

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) acquired greater legitimacy and stature when the European Union (EU) decided to require all listed companies to prepare consolidated accounts based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) beginning in 2005. This study examines the progress and perceived impediments to convergence in 17 European countries directly affected by the EU's decision. These include: (1) the 10 new EU member countries, (2) EU candidate countries, (3) European Economic Area (EEA) countries, and (4) Switzerland. We utilize data collected by the six largest international accounting firms during their 2002 convergence survey. Additionally, we analyze subsequent events and studies.While all surveyed countries will either require or effectively allow listed companies to prepare consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS by 2005, few are expected to require IFRS for non-listed companies. This suggests the development of a “two-standard” system. The two most significant impediments to convergence identified by the survey appear to be the complicated nature of particular IFRS (including financial instruments) and the tax-orientation of many national accounting systems. Other barriers to convergence include underdeveloped national capital markets, insufficient guidance on first-time application of IFRS, and limited experience with certain types of transactions (e.g. pensions).     

CAP Forum on E‐Business: Compromise or Customize: XBRL's Paradoxical Power

Business reports are changing in response to regulatory and market demands. Requests by regulators for electronic filings of financial statements and tax forms are increasing and such filings are rapidly becoming mandatory in many countries. In response, extensible business reporting language (XBRL) is a market‐driven, collaborative effort to make electronic filings more useful to, and to reduce the burden on, both publishers and consumers of business reports. XBRL does much more than simply list data items that can be submitted in an electronic filing. XBRL is a complete set of tools for regulators or groups to fully communicate the meanings of and interrelationships among the business reporting concepts. In addition, core sets of concepts from regulators or groups can be extended, expanded, or otherwise modified for more specific communication by jurisdictions, industries, or individual corporations. This unique customization capability lets companies better present their electronic filings as parallels to their paper filings. A “customizable standard” offers new opportunities and new challenges. This paper discusses XBRL's paradoxical power ‐ the trade‐offs between customizing to better parallel existing paper reports and compromising to more closely match the standards, and the research needed for the transition from freeform to customized reports.     

中外所得税会计的比较分析

本文主要就我国《企业会计准则第18号-所得税》(CAS18)与《国际会计准则12-所得税》(IAS12)和《美国会计准则109-所得税》(FAS109),在制定目标、定义、会计处理方法、确认、计量、列报和披露等方面的异同等进行了比较,同时对《企业会计准则第18号-所得税》在会计处理方法选择和亏损弥补相关递延所得税资产确认方面提出建议。     

基于国际审计准则的我国公允价值审计准则研究

我国公允价值审计准则的制定主要是借鉴国际公允价值审计准则,研究国际公允价值审计准则对我国进一步完善公允价值审计准则有积极作用。本文通过评析国际公允价值审计准则,提出了我国公允价值审计发展建议,以期为公允价值准则的应用提供参考。     

论会计准则的伦理基础

伦理与会计准则之间存在着天然的联系.伦理是会计准则存在的依据和评价的标准.会计准则应当以公正为伦理基础,准则的公正性表现为分配公正.然而,由于属于结果公正范畴的分配公正往往难以客观地评价和衡量,准则的分配公正只能通过程序公正来实现.在此基础上,我们试图从准则制定的价值观、提供虚假会计信息的责任认定和赔偿(矫正正义)、准则制定程序三个方面对我国会计准则的公正性进行初步评价.     

会计制度与税收法规的协作

本文在评介会计制度与税收法规的协作历程的基础上 ,讨论两者在税收征收管理的信息需求方面加强协作的必要性 ,并运用模拟法以“租赁或借款安排”为例实验分析了在税收监管中实现有效合作的可能措施。文章认为 ,应当大力提高国内税务筹划的研究水平 ,以推动税制和税法的进一步完善 ;在制度层面上 ,应当实现会计信息对税务征管实务的支持作用 ,从而加强反避税的工作力度。     

Perpetual securities and stock prices: Korean evidence

Perpetual securities are classified as equity under the International Financial Reporting Standards, but various contract terms embedded in the securities create additional debt- and equity-like characteristics. This study examines whether stock market investors differentiate between diverse contract attributes. Using quarterly data on listed non-financial firms in the Korea Exchange that issued perpetual securities during 2012–2020, we document the following findings. First, perpetual securities are positively associated with stock prices. Second, the positive association is driven by perpetual securities convertible to stocks rather than non-convertible ones. Third, when further decomposing convertible perpetual securities based on whether the conversion price is fixed or floating, only fixed-priced convertibles show a positive association with stock prices. Overall, our findings suggest that equity investors consider the detailed contract attributes important for financial instruments.     

SOX法案404条与审计准则1341号的比较研究

介绍SOX法案404条的实施以来的概况,参照分析我国新颁布的1341号审计准则,尝试获得1341号审计准则的实施前景,其中包括1341号审计准则实施会有的优缺点,应该关注的问题等等.     

The Conceptual Framework as a Coherent System for the Development of Accounting Standards

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) visualized a conceptual accounting framework as a 'coherent system of interrelated objectives and fundamentals that can lead to consistent standards that prescribes the nature, function, and limits of financial accounting and financial statements' (FASB, 1976). To Australian standard setters, the primary purpose of the conceptual framework (CF) was only to be used as a 'guide' in developing and reviewing accounting standards (AASB, 1995, para. 5). The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) diminished the role of a conceptual framework even further by openly acknowledging that some standards are inconsistent with the guidelines offered by the framework (IASC, 1989 para. 12). Even though the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) supposedly pursues a policy of harmonization of conceptual frameworks and accounting standards, there are also acknowledged inconsistencies in the conceptual frameworks of the IASC.
The aim of this article is to assess the coherence of the Australian (and IASC) conceptual framework. This analysis identifies confusion in drafting or construction of the conceptual framework, internal inconsistencies, and inconsistency with the legal framework within which business entities operate. Accordingly it is suggested that the adoption of a conceptual framework will not lead to consistent accounting standards, and inevitably the conceptual framework will lack credibility so long as it is inconsistent with legislation.     

Mobile communications – On standards,classifications and generations

The research question addressed in this paper is concerned with the manners in which the general technological progress in mobile communications is characterized and the reasons for the differences in these modes of manifestation. The relevance of this research question is that the different manifestation modes create a degree of confusion in communications and discussions on mobile technologies. At the same time, it should be recognized that different manners of categorizing technologies illustrate the fact that categorizations are based on different purposes of the classification exercises. Also, the paper discusses the role of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the processes of mobile standardization.In common parlance, progress in mobile technologies is mostly referred to as generations. In ITU, the classification terminology is that of International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT) standards. In the specialized standards body with a central position in the standardization of core mobile technologies, namely 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project), the terminology of ‘releases’ is used. In order to address the research question, the paper uses an analytical framework based on the differences and relationships between the concepts of standards, classifications and generations.