农村劳动力转移的博弈分析--对托达罗模型在我国的适用性研究

托达罗模型是在20世纪60年代末70年代初许多发展中国家出现严重的城市失业现象的背景下产生的,是对刘易斯二元经济发展模型的否定,对发展中国家农村劳动力转移的现实具备一定的解释力。运用博弈论的研究方法,根据我国农村劳动力转移的实际情况,从低素质农村劳动力转移和差别素质农村劳动力转移两个角度对我国农村劳动力转移进行了分析。在此基础上,对托达罗模型在我国的适用性作了研究。     

二因素工资论

劳动力价值由劳动力生产成本和劳动力价值增值两部分组成;劳动力的使用价值是单位时间内单位劳动力所创造出的价值量。劳动力价值对工资的要求更直接地表现为劳动力生产成本对工资的要求;工资不仅应反映劳动力价值的要求,还应反映劳动力使用价值的要求,应是劳动力价值和使用价值的综合反映。     

中国农业劳动力断层浅论

农村大量优秀人才特别是农业青壮年劳动力的流失、抛荒、弃耕在一定程度上影响到农业生产,致使农业劳动力可能出现断层现象。文章在分析农业劳动力断层这种现象的基础上,提出了提高农业生产效率、增加农村教育投入、加强农村剩余劳动力合理有序流动等建议,以期使我国农业走上     

论美国对华特保措施调查中的行政惯例

美国国际贸易委员会发起的对华特别保障措施调查以1974年贸易法第421条为法律依据。由于421条款内容简略,国际贸易委员会必须通过法律解释和创立行政惯例的方式才能对案件作出裁决。在美国的行政领域,行政惯例虽然不是法的渊源,但由于行政程序中"正当法律程序"的要求,行政惯例对行政机关的裁决仍有一定拘束力。针对行政惯例受到行政机关高度尊重和确信但又并非法源的特点,中国企业应区分不同类型的行政惯例并准备相应的对策。     

Why is my sales force automation system failing?

Sales force automation (SFA) is the use of software to automate sales tasks, including sales activities, order processing, customer management, sales forecasting and analysis, sales force management, and information sharing. An SFA system is often part of an enterprise-wide information system that connects and integrates sales activities with the organization's other operations. Therefore, SFA software is not only a tool critical to the success of today's sales force, but is also vital to the entire organization. SFA has the potential to empower companies to more efficiently manage their sales force and sales processes, to automate and standardize sales activities, and to connect the sales force with the rest of the organization. The value of these potential benefits in terms of lower costs or increased revenues has encouraged businesses to adopt SFA. Once adopted, however, SFA systems often fail to deliver anticipated benefits. The leading cause of SFA failures has been revealed as low user acceptance, which can be attributed to such factors as the disruption of established sales routines, sales force perception of the system as a micromanagement tool, differences in sales force and managerial expectations for the system, and lack of managerial support for the system as perceived by the sales force. Given these circumstances, managers who are aware of the major issues surrounding user acceptance of SFA will be more successful in implementing such systems. This article explores the utilization of SFA, the benefits derived from these systems, and user acceptance issues. Herein, we offer suggestions that will help organizations succeed in adopting SFA systems.     

劳动力转移、非农产业投入与农民收入增加

以128家农户2000—2006年的数据为样本,运用面板数据的回归模型研究了农业劳动力在农村就地转移和增加非农产业投入对农民收入增长的影响。结果发现,农业劳动力就地转移和增加非农产业投入可以有效地增加当地农民的收入,在加入贷款数额、贷款期限、劳动力数量、农产品收购价格、税费负担以及户主受教育程度等控制变量之后,效果仍然显著。给我们的政策启示是,我国政府应该在条件许可的地方,鼓励农业劳动力就地转移,并增加对农村非农产业的资金投入。     

论投保人缴纳保费或保险公司签发保单附条件条款的法律效力

我国保险实践中普遍将投保人缴纳保费或者保险公司签发保单作为保险合同的成立、生效或者保险责任开始的条件。但该条件不是新《保险法》规定的附条件保险合同所指的条件。同时该附条件条款赋予了保险公司对要约进行承诺时或者履行合同义务时不受时间限制的权利,该附条件条款因不具有合理性应为无效合同条款。     

Sales force reactions to corporate social responsibility: Attributions, outcomes, and the mediating role of organizational trust

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is gaining momentum among researchers and practitioners. In spite of this extensive interest, systematic research regarding the effects of CSR on other stakeholder groups, besides consumers, remains sparse. Based on a field study in a global Fortune 500 consumer packaged goods company, we examine sales force attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of company's partnership with a United Nations (UN) philanthropic organization. Specifically, we seek to examine whether sales force perceptions of CSR motives influence their evaluation of CSR actions. Findings indicate that egoistic-driven motives negatively influence salesperson trust in the company, whereas stakeholder- and values-driven motives positively influence salesperson trust; however, strategic-driven attributions do not have an influence on salesperson trust. The results further reveal the mediating role of trust in the relationship between sales force attributions and outcomes including loyalty intentions and positive word-of-mouth.     

劳动力资源对中国刨花板产业国际竞争力影响的分析

利用1992～2007年间FAO统计数据库主要刨花板强国的数据,使用劳动力资源禀赋系数、制造业雇员平均每小时工资、全员劳动生产率等定量指标,从劳动力数量、劳动力成本、劳动力质量3个方面,对劳动力资源对中国刨花板产业国际竞争力的影响进行分析比较,结果表明:中国劳动力数量优势很强,但靠劳动力的数量优势以保持竞争优势不是长久之计,劳动力成本低廉的优势和近年来不断提升的劳动力质量有利于提高中国刨花板产业国际竞争力。     

Strategy type and performance: the influence of sales force management

The basic premise of the strategy implementation literature is that different business strategies require different configurations of organizational practices to achieve optimal performance. Sales force management is a key functional activity and should contribute to the successful implementation of business strategy. In this study, we examine the relationship between multiple sales force management practices and performance within each of Miles and Snow's (1978) strategy types. The explanatory power of the eight models tested is quite high (incremental adjusted R² ≥ 0.25 for six of the eight models). Thus, we find substantial support for the general proposition that the different strategy types require individualized profiles of sales force management practices for optimal effectiveness and that sales force management is important to the successful implementation of business strategy. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.