铁路运输成本结构分析

铁路运输是物流系统中成本支出非常大的子系统。如何在维持甚至提高客户服务水平的前提下削减运输成本,是摆在物流管理者和决策者面前的重要问题。文中首先重点分析了铁路运输成本的构成及计算,接着从公司角度介绍了公司应支付给国家铁路部门的费用,最后针对如何降低运输成本,提出了一些措施和建议。     

Product‐Marketing Innovation,Skills, and Firm Productivity Growth

The role of product and marketing innovation for productivity growth is addressed using survey and register data for the Danish economy. It is hypothesized that product and marketing innovation are complementary inputs and that innovation activities are skill‐intensive. It is established that product and marketing innovation in skill‐intensive firms results in significantly faster productivity growth. Moreover, product and marketing innovation have independent roles in productivity growth, which cannot be attributed to organizational changes. Finally, we apply an instrument variable approach for firms, innovation choices to study endogeneity. The results strongly support the idea that product–marketing innovation leads to faster productivity growth in skill‐intensive firms.     

产业结构变动对货币流通速度的影响——中国货币流通速度下降之谜

文章运用协整分析、格兰杰因果检验和误差修正模型实证研究了中国产业结构变动与货币流通速度之间的动态关系以及“货币化假说”。实证分析结果显示货币化对货币流通速度的影响随着时间逐渐增强,但这并不能完全解释我国货币流通速度下降;产业结构变动才是影响我国货币流通速度下降的主要原因。通过误差修正模型发现我国狭义货币流通速度相对于产业结构变动的弹性为2.7,广义货币流通速度相对于产业结构变动的弹性为1.2。     

Independent boards and innovation

Much research has suggested that independent boards of directors are more effective in reducing agency costs and improving firm governance. How they influence innovation is less clear. Relying on regulatory changes, we show that firms that transition to independent boards focus on more crowded and familiar areas of technology. They patent and claim more and receive more total future citations to their patents. However, the citation increase comes mainly from incremental patents in the middle of the citation distribution; the numbers of uncited and highly cited patents—arguably associated with riskier innovation strategies—do not change significantly.     

Volatility,Depth, and Order Composition: Evidence from a Pure Limit Order Futures Market

This paper investigates market behaviors (such as volatility, depth, and volume) and order-flow decomposition in a pure limit order futures market, the Taiwan Futures Exchange. The results are different from those in equity markets due to relatively high adverse selection costs in futures markets. We show that a volatility (depth) increase is followed by a depth (volatility) decrease; a market order increase (decrease) subsequently induces higher (lower) volatility; and a limit order increase (decrease) results in more (less) market orders and limit orders. When the upside (downside) volatility rises, buyers decrease (increase) subsequent limit bid orders, and sellers increase (decrease) limit ask orders.     

我国石油供应链成本构成与管理问题研究

本文将我国石油供应链特点与希尔英供应链成本管理模型相结合,构建了我国石油供应链成本构成的三维模型,通过该模型对石油供应链成本及其成分进行分析,从而找出了成本管理中存在的问题,并提出加强成本管理的合理化建议.本文认为我国石油供应链的成本管理需要政府和企业的双方努力,并通过加强企业内部整合、提高作业成本管理效率、引进信息管理系统等方法有效管理成本.     

资本有机构成上升的实证研究

本文基于中国数据,用计量经济学方法检验了马克思资本有机构成上升的命题。结论表明,中国已经处在技术进步导致资本有机构成提高的阶段,实际工资和教育人力资本投资的上升也并没有改变这一趋势。     

楚文化丝织刺绣探析

中国是世界上最早生产丝绣品的国家之一.东周时期楚国纺织和刺绣技术的迅速发展,生产规模日益扩大,品种多样,织造精细,花色秀丽多变且色彩鲜艳,组织结构复杂.本文将从楚国时期现存的丝绣品中探析其种类、纹样、色彩及其构图结构.     

Household composition and food expenditures: a cross-country comparison

In the analysis of food expenditures, use of household member counts as an explanatory variable assumes each member has the same marginal food expenditure impact. In our analysis of Latin American food expenditures we reject this assumption via the estimation of endogenously determined adult equivalence scales that vary by household member gender and age. A series of hypothesis tests indicate significant differences not only in the male versus female equivalence scales but also across country. With the use of such equivalence scales in the definition of per capita expenditures we find significant differences in the distributions implying substantially different poverty rankings.     

Are Information Attributes Priced?

A seminal model in finance links cost of equity capital to information precision, composition and dissemination. Using realized returns to proxy for cost of equity capital and the probability of an informed trade (PIN) to proxy for composition, prior research documents results consistent with the model's prediction regarding composition. Nonetheless, prior research that examines the construct validity cautions against the use of future realized returns to proxy for cost of equity capital and recommend r_{DIV_PREM} or r_{PEG_PREM} instead. The authors speculate but do not demonstrate how the results in existing research might be incorrect due to their use of realized returns. This paper provides such evidence. We find that the authors inference regarding PIN is dependent on their choice of realized returns to proxy for cost of equity capital. We also estimate a more complete specification of the model that includes precision and dissemination, and we decompose PIN into its component parts to isolate that portion of PIN that varies with dissemination. These refinements allow for new insights regarding the veracity of the model's predictions. We conclude that cost of equity capital is increasing in composition, and decreasing in dissemination, and find some, albeit not conclusive support, for the prediction that cost of equity capital is decreasing in precision.