Conditions for Optimality of a Currency Area

Two approaches to the theory of OCA are distinguished in this paper. The first, called the marginalistic approach, attempts to define the OCA from the point of view of a single country, and the second examines the optimality of a currency area of a given membership. The marginalistic approach and its limitations are discussed first. Then, the paper proceeds to the second approach which is discussed in the context of the cooperative game theory in characteristic function form; it argues that a currency area is optimal when the welfare functions of its constituent members are in the core. This implies that the welfare functions of all constituent members of the currency area are maximized and hence they are all better off with a common currency rather than with their own national currencies; hence, no member country has the intention to abandon the currency area. The paper concludes that the condition for the optimality of a currency area independently of the degree of economic similarity of its constituents requires that the characteristic function must exhibit non decreasing returns with respect to its size.     

汽车维修接待学习领域的设计

汽车维修接待工作是汽车维修企业经营管理的重要组成部分。从提高维修接待人员的培养质量出发,进行汽车维修接待学习领域的设计,将该岗位人才培养的全部课程分为基本素质群、专业基本技能群、岗位能力群三大块,并具体分析这三大块课程的课程设计、教学方法和保障条件。     

皖江城市带承接产业转移集中区建设之思考

当前,两大省管集中区建设虽然取得了一定成效,但仍面临若干挑战,尤其是产业发展定位、农民利益保护、技术人才短缺、融资及管理体制不活等诸多问题,需要通过统一规划、错位发展,因地制宜、协调发展,引进人才、合作发展,用活政策、创新发展,完善体制、稳步发展等措施来进一步解决。     

旅游景区的生态化建设研究

旅游景区的生态化建设是旅游景区可持续发展的有力保障。本文就旅游景区生态化建设的背景、规划、具体思路进行研究,期望引起旅游地的重视,促进旅游景区的生态化建设。     

开发区发展服务业的战略思考——以北京经济技术开发区和天津经济技术开发区为例

文章以北京经济技术开发区和天津经济技术开发区为例,系统研究了关于开发区发展服务业的问题。首先,明确了服务业在开发区发展中的地位和作用。其次,阐明了开发区与母城基于服务业的关联。再次,分别阐述了研发产业、商务服务业、金融业、信息服务业、物流业等开发区的主导生产性服务业。最后,提出开发区发展服务业的相关对策建议。     

苏北地区发展模式和现状研究——以沭阳县为例

沭阳县是苏北经济欠发达地区改革与发展中的一个新的成功典型。进行体制改革与创新，构筑城镇新体系，发展特色农业经济，实施“大项目突破”发展战略，使沭阳县实现了科学发展，在全面小康社会建设中对经济欠发达地区的改革与发展有着重。要的启示作用。     

关于完善山西农村养老保障制度的思考

由于计划生育政策的实施和山西经济的发展,山西农村人口发展呈现出了老龄化、流动人口增多等新特点,这对山西的社会保障制度提出了新的挑战和要求.因此,尽快建立健全农村计划生育养老保障制度,并将其纳入社会保障体系,就成为山西社会保障制度完善过程中必须考虑的重要课题.以山西农村人口发展特点对社会保障制度提出的新要求为起点,提出了现行农村计划生育养老保障制度存在的不足和完善建议.     

河北省沿海与内陆经济差异与协调发展研究

文章主要采用区位商、泰尔指数分解等方法对河北省沿海与内陆之间的区域经济差异的总体特征和空间特征进行量化分析，得出下列结论：近年来河北省沿海与内陆地区的经济发展差距不断扩大，并且对河北省整体经济发展差异的贡献逐年增加。并在此基础上探讨了差异的形成原因，提出了沿海与内陆经济协调发展的相应对策。     

新时期我国发达地区城市停车现状问题及规划对策分析——以昆山市为例

停车设施作为城市综合交通中的重要环节越来越受到人们的重视,尤其在我国发达地区城市,随着城市机动化的迅猛发展,停车问题正越来越突显出来。本文以昆山市为例,从昆山停车调查分析入手,总结了我国发达地区城市目前停车问题普遍存在的主要问题以及产生这些问题深层次的症结,并针对性地提出规划的主要对策,用新的规划理念和方法来缓解城市停车难问题。     

Fish as the “bank in the water” – Evidence from chronic-poor communities in Congo

Small-scale fisheries in developing countries are often perceived as being a low-productivity and backward informal sector. As a result they are rarely considered in poverty reduction programmes and rural development planning. In this paper, we investigate the dual role of fish as a food and cash crop through data collected in river fisheries in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Fishing in this very remote rural region of DRC is operated both by men and women, as part of a household multiple activity livelihood strategy. The data shows that poor households rely heavily on fishing for their supply of protein-rich food, in particular through women’s subsistence catches. Fishing also appears to be the main source of cash-income for the majority of households, including local farmers. Based on these findings and a review of the literature, the paper argues that small-scale fisheries can play a fundamental role in local economies, especially in remote rural areas where they strengthen significantly the livelihoods of people through their role in both food security and cash-income generation.