环境容量生产要素市场的宏观经济调控机制分析

传统经济学低估了环境作为生产要素的基础性和重要性,主张把环境容量作为一种基本生产要素,并在此基础上论述了环境容量生产要素市场的宏观调控功能,分析了这种调控机制的政策目标、政策手段和政策运转模式。环境容量生产要素宏观经济调控政策可以作为一种常态政策,同财政、货币等宏观政策共同作用于社会,谋求经济的良性可持续发展。     

S11调容变压器推广及发展的设想

农村电网具有负荷分散、季节性强、平均负荷率低等特点。为了降低变压器损耗，避免大马拉小车的现象．文中介绍了可以满足农网要求的s11调容变压器的结构特点和性能及其运行效果。     

Climate change adaptation: Is there a role for intervention research?

While climate change will expose regions to similar impacts, the extent of those impacts and effective response at the local level will be determined not only by the location's sensitivity and vulnerability but also by local groups and individuals’ capacity, including their institutional links, social networks and motivation to action. In parallel, scientific information and research plays a critical role in informing climate change adaptation by providing both an improved understanding of the actual climate risks and response alternatives.The paper focuses on two local-scale intervention research projects undertaken in urbanised coastal areas in Brazil and in Australia concentrated on improving the dialogue between ‘those who make science’ and ‘those who use science to make decisions’ in order to make climate science more useful, and creating purposeful collective action, respectively. A conceptual model is devised to investigate how intervention research could aid adaptive capacity by generating new knowledge and facilitating change towards climate change adaptation at the local level. Drawing on the findings, a framework is proposed to advance the role of intervention research in policy development for enhancing adaptive capacity.     

A tale of industrial stagnation from Africa

Many African economies have experienced rather dismal industrial development since the 1980s. The consensus is that African firms lack competitiveness in a world with increasing trade openness. What determines competitiveness? A well‐known explanation is that resource endowments in Africa favour land not labour, which results in high wages, especially in comparison with ‘labour abundant’ Asian economies. This paper examines the validity of this view on the basis of the case of Sudan. We demonstrate that the lack of competitiveness of manufacturing industries is not caused by high wages. Assuming a direct relationship between labour productivity and international competitiveness, we argue that acute capacity underutilisation, caused by supply‐side constraints, lowers manufacturing productivity, which in turn negatively influences competitiveness.     

Computer Simulation as a Tool for Planning and Management of Visitor Use in Protected Natural Areas

The United Nations Environment Programme’s Principles on Implementation of Sustainable Tourism suggest that implementing sustainable tourism must include monitoring visitor use of protected natural areas and directing it to areas where the environmental and social impacts of tourism are minimised. Thus, sustainable tourism management requires information about the spatial and temporal flow of visitor use in protected natural areas to help identify potential tourism-related threats to the natural and cultural resources of an area and the quality of visitors’ experiences. Recent research has identified at least four ways in which simulation modelling of visitor use can facilitate more informed planning and management of sustainable tourism in protected natural areas, including (1) describing existing visitor use flows; (2) monitoring the condition of ‘hard to measure’ indicator variables; (3) testing the effectiveness of alternative visitor use management practices; and (4) guiding the design of research on public attitudes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, using findings from studies conducted in the Inyo National Forest and Isle Royale National Park, USA, each of these four potential contributions of computer simulation to sustainable tourism management and planning. The paper concludes with an assessment of the limitations of existing applications of computer simulation to nature-based tourism and recommendations for future research.     

Book review

Leisure Counseling: Selected Lifestyle Processes. By Chester F. McDowell, Jr., Ph.D. Center for Leisure Studies, University of Oregon, 1976.     

From voice to choice: lessons from a regional capacity development initiative to strengthen social and gender analysis in participatory natural resource management research

Doing practical biodiversity and natural resources management research that is socially and gender sensitive remains a challenge. Most of the relevant literature is primarily at the conceptual level. There are few learning programmes that focus on systematic capacity development for gender and social analysis in applied research in this field. Efforts that systematically document and analyse this kind of capacity development process are also hard to find. This paper summarizes the main research and capacity development achievements and challenges of a novel, Asian-regional initiative that aimed to address these gaps. It is suggested that the success of capacity-building strategies for the integration of social and gender analysis can be enhanced by combining a mix of elements, including a ‘learning by doing’ approach, participatory (action) research methodologies, a diverse group of participants, regular peer review, flexible networking and strong personal and organizational commitment. These kinds of strategies will require a long(er) time horizon and sufficient resources.     

比较分析十六家旅游上市公司的发展态势

根据国家对旅游业的重视,文章结合旅游上市公司的发展现状,对三类旅游上市公司分别从盈利能力、负债能力、运营能力和发展能力四个方面八项指标进行分析,并提出了相关发展建议和对策,以期为各类旅游上市公司的未来发展提供参考和借鉴。     

应用技术型高校创业教育的对策研究

随着知识经济型时代的到来,大学生的就业形势也越来越严峻,作为培养应用技术型人才的高校而言,其创业教育也势必跟上时代的步伐。为此,本文将详细分析当前我国应用技术型高校创业教育存在的问题,并对此提出相应的解决对策及建议。     

预钻式旁压试验在哈尔滨地铁一期工程中的应用

本文通过哈尔滨地铁一期工程的实例,介绍了预钻式旁压试验在工程中的现场操作,成果分析及应用。