论经济一体化下的科技产业化立法

在全球经济一体化之下,中国科技产业化的发展,需要立足WTO规则,及时作出立法应对,迎接时代的挑战。科技产业化的发展,是产、学、研一体化的发展,要通过立法支持政府财政对非盈利性的科研院所的补贴,要在立法上加强对自主知识产权和商业秘密的保护。我国科技产业化的发展,需要反垄断立法的支持。WTO规则的扩展,包括环境保护议题,需要规则先行,完善立法,推进科技产业化的可持续发展。     

纺织品CAD设计系统的研究分析

纺织品CAD设计系统已经得到了应用并取得了突破性进展。它的研究开发已经为大多数人所认同,但是还存在一些问题。本文分析了纺织品CAD设计系统绘制工具中存在的问题、菜单栏中一些命令的欠缺和软件中的其他不足,并提出了今后研发的目标和建议。     

基于企业发展战略的技术创新战略研究

本文将技术创新战略看作是企业发展战略的一部分,结合企业战略管理的一些理论和方法,在分析企业不同发展阶段和企业现有技术创新能力强弱的基础上,建立一套技术创新战略的选择体系,以便企业在开展技术创新活动时,量体裁衣,选择适当的技术创新战略。     

The Influences of Teacher Knowledge and Authentic Formative Assessment on Student Learning in Technology Education

Students involved in holistic technological practice need to develop an understanding of technological practice outside the classroom and to participate in tasks set as close as practicable to actual technological practice. This paper investigates the context of assessment and its relationship to achievement and the importance of teacher knowledge to student technological practice. I argue that ‘out of context’ assessment tasks do not give an accurate indication of achievement levels of the children assessed. Introduced is the Model of Student Technological Practice, which identifies four constraints that influence student technological practice. A significant factor is teacher knowledge, as it impacts greatly on the quality of feedback given to students by their teachers. Timely teacher intervention and formative assessment feedback will alter student technological practice and should improve the students’ likelihood of developing successful outcomes.     

强化质量管理促进螺杆泵采油技术规模应用

从螺杆泵采油技术在油田应用中的实际出发．阐述了该项技术在从试验向规模化推广应用过程中，以强化全面质量管理为基点．重视螺杆泵采油技术应用中各个环节的质量控制，从组织机构的建立、管理制度的制定、人员素质的提高、配套技术的完善等方面。强化管理和质量控制，使这项试验技术成功转型为常规技术，并得以规模化应用。阐明了全面质量管理在螺杆泵采油技术应用中发挥的重要作用。     

对加入WTO后"以市场换技术"的思考

“以市场换技术”是20世纪80年代中后期以来我国吸引外国直接投资的重要目标之一。本文首先简要回顾了中国在加入WTO前的“以市场换技术”战略,在此基础上,分析了在加入WTO后“以市场换技术”的政策环境和外资在华行为的变化以及国际产业发展呈现出的新趋势,最后对如何促进“以市场换技术”提出了若干建议。     

Technology and Rights

What do we know about technology and rights? This article provides a fairly comprehensive overview of current issues regarding this topic. We explore and analyse a wide spectrum of rights that are challenged in this current era of technological convergence. We use the United States Bill of Rights as an example of the vulnerability of legal protections for rights against particular political and technological changes in this post 9-11 climate. New streams of rights acting as a safeguard against further incursions of technology into civil liberties are explored. We also address intellectual property rights and international trends in copyright, patent and trademark laws. We question whether these issues of technology and rights have a place in current technological literacy scenarios.     

Developing Technological Stance: Children's Learning in Technology Education

Following a review of current research in children's learning in technology education, and an examination of the kinds of knowledge demanded in contemporary technology education programs in elementary schools, I argue that what is needed in early technology education programs is the scaffolding of what I am calling technological stance. This construct acknowledges the socio-cultural character of technology as a human endeavor. In contrast to programs which are oriented to application of conceptual and procedural knowledge or to programs in which knowledge is generated through interpretation of interactions with materials and tools, programs which support technological stance position learners as critical inquirers into both tool-related and discursive practices of technology.     

Enhancing Practicing Primary School Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Technology

This paper describes the frameworks and cognitive tools that have been developed to enhance practising teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in primary school technology education. The frameworks evolved from our research that firstly examined existing teaching practices, secondly enhanced formative interactions and thirdly enhanced summative assessment strategies. The evidence gained over the three years demonstrated how the effective use of frameworks could be utilised to enhance teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). How we see learning is of prime importance in examining the development of teacher pedagogical content knowledge. A sociocultural view of learning is taken where human mental processes are situated within their historical, cultural and institutional setting. In the research project we strongly emphasised the need for teachers to build a knowledge base for teaching technology. Critical aspects identified as enhancing PCK included: negotiated intervention, planning frameworks, reflection on case studies, workshops and support in classrooms, appropriate resources, teacher agreement meetings, portfolios of student work and summative profiles. The increased PCK resulted in: enhanced teacher knowledge about technology including the nature of technology, areas of technology and specific technological knowledge, changed pedagogical approaches, enhanced teacher student interaction, refinement of appropriate learning outcomes, critical decision making, improved teacher confidence, and enhanced student learning. Seven characteristics or features of pedagogical content knowledge that we believe are important for effective teaching and learning in technology are presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

现代制造系统环境下的质量信息技术

企业为了确保在激烈的市场竞争中取胜，必须运用信息技术、计算机技术等先进技术提高企业质量管理的水平，增强质量保证和质量控制的有效性。现代制造技术系统CIMS的质量保证系统是在网络数据库的支持下，从产品设计、开发，到售后服务全生命周期中对质量有关的数据进行有效的采集、处理、评价和决策，对质量管理、质量保证、质量控制活动进行有效的管理，实现企业质量管理的整体优化．以达到全面满足顾客要求，提高市场竞争能力的目的。