加氢裂化装置节能对策探讨

加氢裂化原料逐渐重质化、劣质化,带来3种不利因素:一是腐蚀增加,尤其是氢气阀门内漏造成氢气浪费;二是易于结垢,对原料油高压换热器运行带来潜在的不利因素;三是燃料用量上升。因此重视和积极实施节能对策,对加氢裂化装置的长周期运转起着决定性的作用。文章对加氢裂化装置历年来采取的节能新技术、新装备和新举措进行了回顾总结。     

制氢装置副产CO2的回收与利用

分析了国内ＣＯ２的生产、消费及价格情况,并对其物理应用领域的现状和前景进行了分析,提出了中国石油锦州分公司ＣＯ２的利用方案。     

迈向“零碳”的日本氢能源社会发展研究

当前,中国面临着实现"碳排放目标"和"经济社会发展全面绿色转型"的双重紧迫任务。面临相似压力的日本选择了"氢"这种极富技术挑战但应用前景广阔的替代能源,并雄心勃勃地发展"氢能源社会",其最新进展举世瞩目。日本不但在氢能源技术突破和相关绿色产业链建设中积累了诸多经验,更重要的是凭借着绿色治理框架,通过政府、企业、社会组织等多主体的合作协同,形成了能源升级中引导企业持续技术研发和市场化推进的治理策略、"刚柔相济"的治理模式以及不同阶段差异化的治理路径。这些实践不但为中国相关现实课题的解决提供了参考,也对绿色治理理论的深化提供了契机。     

Competition in a technological niche: the cars of the future

The notion of ‘niche’ has proved to be useful to account for the emergence of radical innovations. Most studies, however, deal with the development of single emerging technologies. In this paper we address the competition between multiple niche technologies. Within the niche of the ‘car of the future’ two options compete: the battery-electric and the hydrogen car. While both are shielded from regular market forces, they have to compete in terms of R&D funding, supportive regulation and infrastructure build-up. In our case study we trace the competition in terms of design rules and expectations and show how attention for both options has alternated in three phases, which follow the high hopes and subsequent disappointments of the different component technologies. Whereas there is room for simultaneously developed, multiple options at the local level, at the global level attention and expectations seem much more focused on either the one or the other.     

非离子表面活性剂增敏催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁

研究了在硫酸介质中,以非离子表面活性剂吐温-80为增敏剂,Fe(III)催化过氧化氢氧化罗丹明B的褪色反应,以此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁。结果表明,Fe(III)的质量浓度在0~16μg/L范围内服从比尔定律,摩尔吸光系数为1.06×105 L.mol-.1cm-1。该法用于茶叶中痕量铁的分析,结果满意。     

Deliberation over new hydrogen energy technologies: evidence from two Citizens’ Panels in the UK

Hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy technologies are still largely at the experimental and demonstration project stages. If the hydrogen is produced sustainably from renewable sources, it may be a potential means of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving other environmental objectives. But hydrogen technologies are still ‘emergent’ – seeking a niche to compete against incumbent technologies in stationary and mobile applications. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (buses and automobiles) and hydrogen refuelling stations have been developed, but they have yet to become established in the market. Much attention has been given to technical risk assessment of hydrogen as a hazardous gas, but broader ‘whole systems’ appraisals of a hydrogen infrastructure (for domestic and transport uses) are lacking. Importantly, public risk perceptions are seen as crucial factors influencing acceptance or rejection. This paper examines qualitative evidence about public attitudes towards hydrogen energy technologies and compares results from two Citizens’ Panels carried out recently in England and Wales. These Citizens’ Panels enabled selected samples of the general public to question the experts and deliberate over the issues raised. The paper highlights unresolved questions concerning ‘critical trust’ of experts and other stakeholders, and citizens’ demands for greater familiarity with the hydrogen technologies in practical, everyday settings, in order to offer judgements about their desirability and feasibility.     

漂白活化剂TAED在棉针织物煮漂一浴中的应用研究

对漂白活化剂四乙酰乙二胺(TAED)在纯棉针织物的煮漂一浴前处理工艺中的应用情况进行了探讨。通过分析H2O2用量、TAED用量、煮漂时间、煮漂温度等因素对织物白度的影响,以白度为参考指标,确定应用漂白活化剂TAED时的最优工艺条件。     

PRO/Ⅱ流程模拟软件在氯化氢气体吸收装置的应用

利用PRO/Ⅱ流程模拟软件对生产中产生的氯化氢气体进行了吸收模拟,在此基础上确定合理工艺参数,用于指导氯化氢气体吸收装置的建设和工业生产。     

借鉴国外经验 健全含硫天然气开发的技术法规和行业标准体系

阐述了国内外高含硫天然气开发相关的技术法规、标准的范围和归属．介绍了可以借鉴的国外做法和体系,重点分析了目前国内AQ和SY两个行业标准体系在高含硫天然气开发方面的做法,提出了意见,并推荐了一批加拿大EUB法规和IRP标准．供下一步采标和制修订标准时参考。     

新方法合成配合物草酸锌(Ⅱ)

在水热条件下以配体草酸与Zn(NO3)2.6H2O为反应原料,得到了配合物草酸锌。通过X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行表征,结果表明,晶体属于三斜晶系,空间群为C2/c。晶胞参数为:Z=1,a=11.690(6),b=5.416(3),c=9.725(4),α=90,β=126.40(2),γ=9.919(2)°,V=495.6(4)3;R1=0.1507。晶体结构分析表明每个锌离子与6个氧原子配位(ZnO6),形成了八面体构型,其中与锌离子配位的6个氧原子中,有4个氧原子来自2个草酸根配体,另2个氧原子来自配位水分子,邻近的金属离子通过草酸根连接成一维链状结构,链间通过氢键作用连接为三维网络结构。