基于光能利用率模型的河南省冬小麦单产估算研究

[目的]快速、准确估算空间尺度上作物产量,对于评价农田生态系统对气候变化的响应、制定科学合理的粮食政策、对外粮食贸易等具有重要意义。河南省冬小麦产量占全国1/4,准确估算河南省冬小麦产量对维护国家粮食安全具有重要作用。单产估算作为农作物估产中的关键技术,也是作物估产的难点之一。[方法]文章首先利用VPM(Vegetation Photosynthesis Model)估算冬小麦NPP(Net Primary Product),结合收获指数、冬小麦收获部分的含水量、含碳量、NPP分配到地上或地下部分比例等一系列符合该研究区的经验指数,进行河南省冬小麦单产估算研究,并分析了引起模拟误差的原因。[结果]模拟单产较实测单产低估4.4%(实测单产为6 810kg/hm~2,模拟单产为6 519kg/hm~2),但两者之间存在显著相关关系,两者相关系数的平方R2=0.70(n=50,p0.01)。通过与MODIS-GPP产品获得的冬小麦单产数据比较,基于VPM模型的模拟结果优于MODIS-GPP产品。[结论]基于VPM可快速、准确估算河南省空间尺度冬小麦单产,该方法具有较好的适用性。     

The Tunisia Wheat Market in the Context of World Price Volatility: A Stochastic Partial Equilibrium Approach

Food security is a key objective of agricultural and food policy in Tunisia. The 2007–2008 food crisis highlighted the negative impacts of price volatility on international markets both in terms of food insecurity and budget exposure. Tunisian food subsidy expenditures ranged from $180 million to $710 million in 2006–2010, so volatile world prices meant volatile subsidy costs. Moreover, cereal production in Tunisia still has much instability due to climate conditions, which also influences imports and, consequently, subsidy expenditures. This study applies a structural model to conduct stochastic analyses of trade and policy impacts on food security and budget expenditures in the Tunisian wheat market. The methodology disaggregates durum wheat and soft wheat markets and generates projections of import prices of durum wheat and soft wheat, using projections of world prices provided by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at University of Missouri (FAPRI-MU). The key innovation is the generated stochastic analyses of subsidy costs based on stochastic world price projections and stochastic domestic wheat yields based on historic yield variances. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of subsidy costs to world prices, volumes imported and domestic production, so that alternative policy tools can be considered.     

松动爆破在突出煤层巷道掘进中的实践与应用

煤层突出危险一直是影响矿井煤巷安全快速掘进的重要因素,传统的防治方法又严重制约掘进面的生产速度。以五轮山矿井8#突出煤层1801运输顺槽为例,提出在区域消突前提下采用松动爆破方法实现快速掘进。实践证明,中深孔松动爆破治理瓦斯,较好地解决了煤巷掘进过程中掘进速度与防治瓦斯之间的矛盾,实现了煤巷的安全快速掘进,具有较好的经济效益,可以为煤矿的防突工作提供借鉴。     

一种松耦合的资信评级信息系统的设计研究

如何建设高效的资信评级信息系统是当今信用评级行业的研究热点。针对我国资产信用评级体系的建设现状,结合上海某评级机构业务需求,本文提出基于一种松耦合的资产信用评级系统的开发方案,重点对系统整体结构、系统实现的难点层次化数据仓库、数据清洗等问题进行深入研究。这种层次化结构简化了信息系统开发过程,提高开发效率。     

基于参考点距离的WLAN定位技术

文章以WLAN指纹定位技术为参考,在WLA指纹库的基础上,计算待定位物体MS到所有可见AP的距离,构成距离指纹数据库,根据MS测得的3个最强AP的信号,在指纹库中匹配三个AP,利用几何原理计算出MS的坐标,从而到达定位目的。     

The power of video to trigger innovation: rice processing in central Benin

Participatory plant breeding began in developing countries and now some European farmers and scientists are proposing its suitability in contributing to sustainable agriculture. This paper uses both genetics and sociology to determine the conditions required. A review of the sustainability of projects implemented in developing countries initiated discussion of an organic durum wheat participatory breeding programme, which is currently being implemented in the south of France. The analysis highlighted the need for the critical participation of experts from different horizons in a socio-technical network. Multi-level interactions and cross-linked learning processes about breeding methods and sociological concepts are needed for effective communication between different stakeholders and scientific disciplines. This approach enables implementation of a range of different action systems in which the production of relevant knowledge and rules addresses the issue of the sustainable development of diverse agro-food systems, rather than the generalization of one model.     

Loosely Coupled Results Control in Dutch Municipalities

This paper analyses the implementation of the ‘dual system’ in Dutch municipalities which was part of a package of New Public Management‐reforms. This system was stimulated by Dutch central government and called for more accountability for performance of municipal managers and the board of mayor and aldermen, as well as for the use of more output and outcome information. Interviews of participants on four different hierarchical levels in 12 municipalities show that the practices of output management at different hierarchical levels are only loosely coupled to each other (‘vertical loose coupling’). We also found some degree of ‘horizontal loose coupling’ at each hierarchical level between result orientation, the development of output indicators and the use of output information for performance evaluation. The paper analyses the reasons why municipalities encounter difficulties in designing a comprehensive and coherent performance management system.     

仓库“谈火色变”-安全技术

本文根据高新技术的应用,结合军队仓库安全问题,并在安全技术使用管理方面,提出了相应的技术措施.     

Analysis on Variety Structure of High-quality Wheat in Henan Province

The essential parts of Henan wheat economy are production, processing and international trade of high-quality wheat. The initial aspect that affects high-quality wheat development is variety structure. This paper analyzes high-quality wheat＇s quality structure, variety structure, contribution of them to total yield, and anticipation on wheat production and development of wheat economy in Henan. In conclusion, the result indicates that the high-quality wheat production is on the rise, which presents ＂s＂ shape by means of area. Although the overall tendency of high-quality wheat breeding is diversity-oriented, two or three varieties are in a commanding position, especially the ＂Zheng Mai＂ series get outstanding contribution during the ＂10^th Five-year Plan＂.