我国自然垄断产业市场化改革的几个关键问题研究

近20年来，放松管制、引入竞争、产权私有已成为世界各国自然垄断产业市场化改革的主导趋势，与此同时，我国在相关领域的改革也已展开。本文对改革过程中亟需解决的有关市场开放的路径选择、产权改革与市场结构调整相适应、市场开放后的管制变革以及独立监管和依法监管等关键性问题进行了论述，并提出了一些有针对性的建议。     

自然垄断、规模经济与规制改革--对我国铁路产业的实证分析

通过实证研究,说明我国铁路产业并不存在整体规模经济,并分析这一自然垄断产业规模不经济的原因,是由于自然垄断的优势导致了企业内部经营的低效率,从而抵消了规模经济带来的成本节省,为此提出我国铁路规制改革的要求。     

The persistence of distance? The impact of technology on MNE motivations for foreign investment

Why do firms go abroad when technology makes it possible to do business at a distance? We argue that the cost of distance differentially affects investment motivations across industries. We find support for this hypothesis in a study of U.S. inward and outward FDI. Knowledge seeking and efficiency seeking are the two most important explanations for international activity in information‐intensive industries, reinforcing the value of intangible resources in this sphere. In less information‐intensive industries, market seeking and the search for low‐cost export platforms are the dominant motivations for FDI. An important implication for the current debate on offshoring is that inward FDI flows into the United States occur in high‐ rather than low‐paying industries, and are of the knowledge‐seeking variety, while outward flows are driven by the search for efficiency and markets. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ON CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE, WAGE INDEXING AND A MONOPOLY UNION

The Rogoff proposition (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 100 (1985), pp. 1169–90) that it is socially optimal to delegate monetary policy to a central banker that is more inflation‐averse than society has been widely accepted and implemented in practice. However, there is a literature that argues that, if there is an inflation‐averse monopoly union in the economy, it is optimal to delegate monetary policy to an ‘ultra‐liberal’ central banker, i.e., a central banker that is interested only in output. In this paper, we examine whether introducing wage indexing into the latter models has any effect on the optimal degree of central bank conservativeness and find that, once a monopoly‐type labour union is introduced, wage indexing does not matter for the determination of the optimal degree of conservativeness of the monetary authority.     

Many-valued Logic in Multistate and Vague Stochastic Systems

The state of the art in coherent structure theory is driven by two assertions, both of which are limiting: (1) all units of a system can exist in one of two states, failed or functioning; and (2) at any point in time, each unit can exist in only one of the above states. In actuality, units can exist in more than two states, and it is possible that a unit can simultaneously exist in more than one state. This latter feature is a consequence of the view that it may not be possible to precisely define the subsets of a set of states; such subsets are called vague . The first limitation has been addressed via work labeled 'multistate systems'; however, this work has not capitalized on the mathematics of many-valued propositions in logic. Here, we invoke its truth tables to define the structure function of multistate systems and then harness our results in the context of vagueness. A key contribution of this paper is to argue that many-valued logic is a common platform for studying both multistate and vague systems but, to do so, it is necessary to lean on several principles of statistical inference.     

酒店B类员工激励管理探讨

酒店作为劳动密集型的服务产业，以基层员工为代表的B类员工积极性和创造性的发挥。决定了酒店的服务质量和顾客满意度，并最终决定酒店的品牌和整体竞争力的提升。建立富有激励导向的薪酬体系满足了酒店绝大多数非管理岗位B类员工的需求，充分保证员工在薪酬上获得经济上和心理上的满足，提高其敬业度；创建和培育具有创造力和生产力的酒店服务文化，提高了B类员工的工作效率和归宿感，最终通过整体服务质量的提升保证了酒店的长期可持续发展．     

Profitability of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in high‐tech industries: the case of the biotechnology industry

This paper investigates the profitability determinants of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in high‐tech industries. Literature review suggests that innovator position, market awareness, niche operation, and internationalization should have positive impacts on SMTEs' profitability. However, the empirical results partially agree with, and partially dissent from, the propositions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于LNG资源的深圳电能供应模式多元化

深圳大规模地建设燃气电厂、改造燃油与燃煤电厂以及规划分布式供能系统,以期形成LNG条件下多元化的电能供应模式。政府的引导和科学规划,将使新兴的分布式供能系统成为合理高效利用LNG,实现城市循环经济环保节能要求的典范。     

THE ROLE OF MAJOR OIL COMPANIES IN LONG DISTANCE GAS PIPELINE PROJECTS

For several years now, BP has been trying to identify new opportunities to supply gas into North East Asia, including the rapidly expanding Chinese market. It expects gas demand to continue to increase faster in the Asia Pacific region than elsewhere in the world,and its analysis suggests gas demand there will grow to around 470 bcm by 2010 or by almost 6% per year. Since oil majors have rich escperience of managing large