On the measurement of corporate diversification strategy: Evidence from large U.S. service firms

Actual, not potential, relatedness determines the results of diversification strategies. An external examination of a firm's businesses, products, markets and technologies permits an assessment of potential relatedness among its various businesses. Potential relatedness is, however, often not realized. Also, relatedness may be externally invisible. Hence, actual relatedness may diverge from externally measured potential relatedness. This paper provides evidence suggesting that measures of corporate diversification strategy based on internal data differ significantly from those based on externally available data.     

Business relatedness and performance: a study of managerial perceptions

Understanding of business relatedness and performance effects is the foundation of any diversification decision, but we have limited knowledge of how managers consider relatedness. This study identified relatedness classes and performance effects using perceptual survey data from top industrial executives. Four classes with significant variable differences were found: high, technology, customer, and low relatedness. Technology relatedness had a strong positive performance effect and high relatedness had a negative effect. The findings confirm that perceptions are multidimensional, but may include five key factors rather than the previously identified attribute categories of product–markets, resources, and value chains. Contributions to diversification literature are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DEFAULT RISK AND DIVERSIFICATION: THEORY AND EMPIRICAL IMPLICATIONS

Recent advances in the theory of credit risk allow the use of standard term structure machinery for default risk modeling and estimation. The empirical literature in this area often interprets the drift adjustments of the default intensity's diffusion state variables as the only default risk premium. We show that this interpretation implies a restriction on the form of possible default risk premia, which can be justified through exact and approximate notions of "diversifiable default risk." The equivalence between the empirical and martingale default intensities that follows from diversifiable default risk greatly facilitates the pricing and management of credit risk. We emphasize that this is not an equivalence in distribution, and illustrate its importance using credit spread dynamics estimated in Duffee (1999) . We also argue that the assumption of diversifiability is implicitly used in certain existing models of mortgage-backed securities.     

我国商业上市公司的股权结构与公司业绩——基于市净值指标的实证分析

文章以沪深两市55家商业上市公司为样本,对股权结构与公司业绩的关系进行回归分析。结论表明:商业上市公司国有股比例对公司业绩并没有显著的影响,但法人股比例与公司业绩显著正相关,流通股比例与公司业绩显著负相关。同时,第一大股东持股比例与公司业绩没有显著关系,但前五大股东持股比例与公司业绩显著正相关;另外,第一大股东的控制能力对公司业绩有显著的负面影响。     

独立董事能否为收购公司股东创造财富——来自中国上市公司并购的证据

国外的实证研究结果表明，独立董事在并购中能给收购公司的股东创造财富。我们依据Harford研究方法，对我国的独立董事进行进一步的划分，并利用沪深A股285家上市公司的并购数据进行实证研究。研究结果表明：在我国设立独立董事并不能有效地为收购公司股东创造财富；但有一些证据显示，在关联方并购交易中，独立董事为收购公司股东创造了财富，尽管统计结果并不显著；在并购交易过程中，收购公司管理层的股权激励效果并不理想。     

中国商业银行跨业兼营财险和基金之模拟分析

通过使用模拟合并的方法分析中国商业银行跨业兼营财险和基金的潜在风险和收益,研究结果表明商业银行跨业兼营财险和基金能增加银行的收益,并提高单位风险的报酬,同时能显著降低商业银行的破产概率;研究结果同时显示,合适的财险和基金业务资产比重对于达到最佳的跨业兼营效果是必不可少的.此外,对比研究发现商业银行同时跨业兼营财险和基金比商业银行单一跨业兼营财险或者基金能获得更大的风险分散收益,因此支持银行同时跨业兼营财险和基金.     

并购行业模式对企业价值创造的影响

以1998～2004年A股非金融类上市公司发起的并购重组事件为样本，通过实证考察并购行业模式与收购企业价值之间的因果关系，证实我国上市公司实行行业相关性并购较无关性并购对收购企业具有更强的价值创造效应。同时，将对应于企业价值指标、有关并购价值创造的经济学假设分解成五类财务因素指标，通过比较不同并购模式下收购方指标变动特征的异同，揭示出规模经营、交易内部化和市场势力是影响收购企业价值的主导因素。     

企业社会责任:国外理论演进及最新文献述评

关于企业承担社会责任，国外学术界主要持有传统经济价值和企业社会责任两大观点。基于企业决策过程完全理性的假设，传统观点认为企业的功能是经济性的，而经济价值是度量企业成功的唯一标准，企业目标就是利润最大化；社会责任观点则明确指出企业要实现利润增加和价值提升，就必须主动承担与相关利益群体相应的社会责任。     

浅析现代牛仔服发展趋向

该文基于现代流行多元化、个性化的特点，从牛仔服的设计者和穿着者出发，通过对现代牛仔服新变化的分析，从款式、面料、色彩等方面论证了牛仔服多元化发展的趋向。     

股权结构、代理问题与公司多元化折价

本文利用我国最新的上市公司资料,在得出我国上市多元化公司存在折价的基础上,从股权结构的角度来验证了代理问题和公司多元化折价的关系.我们发现,国有股权与公司多元化程度呈现负相关关系,法人股与多元化程度呈倒U形曲线关系,流通股与多元化程度呈正比例关系;股权集中度、机构持股比例和管理层持股与多元化程度呈负相关关系.结果表明,代理问题在有效解释公司多元化程度的同时,也有效地解释了公司多元化折价的产生.