企业控制机制:控制权争夺的边界和效应

公司兼并和收购市场中企业控制权机机制、控制权争夺的价值、控制权争夺的福利效应、大股东在公司控制权争夺中对公司政策产生影响。外部性排除了负有义务的股东完全取得接管收益的可能性,无论控制权争夺的结果如何,股东财富在控制权争夺其间是增加的。从股东的福利效应方面来说,控制权争夺的失败也就是股东财富的损失。大股东提高了预期利润,并且他们所占股份越多,则提高越大。董事会的失误导致了敌意接管的出现,可由公司控制的外部市场对董事会的疏忽作用进行弥补。     

Asymptotic expansion of S-estimators of location and covariance

By means of a straightforward application of empirical process theory, we show that S-estimators of multivariate location and covariance are asymptotically equivalent to a sum of independent vector and matrix valued random elements respectively. This provides an alternative proof of asymptotic normality of S-estimators and clearly explains the limiting covariance structure. It also leads to a relatively simple proof of asymptotic normality of the length of the shortest α-fraction.     

On modeling incentive systems which utilize pollution charges for pollution abatement

This paper examines a scheme of economic incentives for environmental protection, in which spatially differentiated pollution taxes are in use in compensating the pollution abatement costs. A simple mathematical model is described which determines an incentive system that encourages polluters to reduce the discharges to an acceptable level of ambient quality standards in a cost-effective manner. It is shown that the vector of pollution charges has to be proportional to the marginal abatement cost vector, but is smaller than the latter in magnitude. It is demonstrated that a necessary incentive effect may be achieved even if the total pollution charge is much lower (about three times) than the total abatement costs. It is also estimated how this charge incentive system reconciles conflicting criteria of cost-effectiveness and of equity. These conclusions are verified by numerical experiments with real data.     

我国内部控制规范建设历程及现实思考

本文从我国内部控制规范建设历程的回顾入手,总结出我国在内部控制规范建设方面的特点,进而结合我国的现实情况提出在借鉴国际先进经验,尽快完善内部控制规范体系的基础上进一步优化内部控制环境,推进内部控制规范的实施的建议。     

网络信息安全与政府管制

随着互联网的迅猛发展和广泛应用,日趋严重的网络信息安全问题,对政府管制提出了更为复杂和系统的要求,在此情况下,如何管制"爆炸式"发展的互联网,既使宪法所赋予公民的言论自由可以在网络上充分且方便地享有,又能够抑制侵害他人、国家乃至社会自由和效率的不正当行为,这成为摆在中国政府面前的一项重要课题.本文分析了网络信息安全与政府管制的关系,提出了网络信息安全政府管制的政策选择.     

供应链库存优化管理模型研究

供应链库存管理是供应链管理的重要组成部分,如何设置和维持一个合理的订货量和库存水平量,以平衡存货不足带来的短缺风险和损失,以及库存过多所增加仓储成本和资金成本,成为一个企业必须回答的问题。本文从供应链整体角度出发,提出了在缺货费用很小以至于可忽略的前提下,适应供应链模式下,新的库存控制优化模型,并以简单实证加以研究。     

施工阶段对影响工程质量因素的控制方法

工程项目的建设是一个复杂、庞大的系统工程,影响工程质量的因素很多而且贯穿整个施工过程。文章简要论述了监理工程师在施工阶段对影响工程质量的五大因素的控制方法。     

Robustness issues in multilevel regression analysis

A multilevel problem concerns a population with a hierarchical structure. A sample from such a population can be described as a multistage sample. First, a sample of higher level units is drawn (e.g. schools or organizations), and next a sample of the sub‐units from the available units (e.g. pupils in schools or employees in organizations). In such samples, the individual observations are in general not completely independent. Multilevel analysis software accounts for this dependence and in recent years these programs have been widely accepted. Two problems that occur in the practice of multilevel modeling will be discussed. The first problem is the choice of the sample sizes at the different levels. What are sufficient sample sizes for accurate estimation? The second problem is the normality assumption of the level‐2 error distribution. When one wants to conduct tests of significance, the errors need to be normally distributed. What happens when this is not the case? In this paper, simulation studies are used to answer both questions. With respect to the first question, the results show that a small sample size at level two (meaning a sample of 50 or less) leads to biased estimates of the second‐level standard errors. The answer to the second question is that only the standard errors for the random effects at the second level are highly inaccurate if the distributional assumptions concerning the level‐2 errors are not fulfilled. Robust standard errors turn out to be more reliable than the asymptotic standard errors based on maximum likelihood.     

论企业内部控制的监督

内部控制是企业保护资产的安全完整、保证财务信息的准确可靠、提高管理水平和经营效益的有效措施。要充分发挥内部控制的效能,不仅需要企业建立健全的内部控制,而且更需要企业本身和社会各方对其内部控制实行有效的监督。     

商业银行内控管理体系的构建

内控文化与内控制度是构建商业银行内控管理体系的两个重要支柱。内控文化是内控制度有效执行的基础，而内控制度又是传播和提升内控文化的最好载体，两者相互依存、相互渗透。只有将它们进行有效的链接才能提高商业银行内控管理的执行效果。