Changes in accessibility in the Meseta Purépecha region of Michoacán, Mexico: 1940–2000

This paper examines changes in town accessibility on the Meseta Purépecha of Michoacán, Mexico before and after road construction beginning in the 1940s. In the mid-20th century researchers noted the presence of an important mountain–lake trade connection, which by 2000 had been significantly diminished. Between 1940 and 2000 there was an increase in accessibility of the area east of Lake Pátzcuaro, while there were more modest increases seen in the western section of the meseta. Road improvements and realignments have led to substantial changes in the theoretical network associations among the towns, and while towns in the region have become better connected externally, improvements in accessibility among towns within the region were unevenly distributed.     

Decomposing the Value of Agricultural Multifunctionality: Combining Contingent Valuation and the Analytical Hierarchy Process

Agricultural multifunctionality is the recognition of the joint exercise of economic, environmental and social functions by this sector. Nevertheless, not all these contributions to society are valued in markets, moreover a large share of them are public goods. For this reason, in order to make this concept of multifunctionality operative for the design of public policies, it is necessary to estimate the social demand of such functions. The objective of this article was to implement an empirical application along these lines. For this purpose, the agricultural system of cereal steppes in Tierra de Campos in Spain is taken as a case study. The economic valuation technique used relies on a combined implementation of contingent valuation and the analytical hierarchy process. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of a significant demand for the different attributes included in the multifunctionality concept, although this demand is heterogeneous and is based on the socioeconomic characteristics of individual persons.     

地勘企业经营战略选择导向的探讨

制定企业经营战略是正在逐步建立现代企业制度的地勘企业的当务之急 ,本文在分析、探讨目前地勘企业经营战略选择存在问题的基础上 ,着重论述了地勘企业经营战略选择应坚持以市场需求、企业核心竞争力、多元化经营和可持续发展为导向。     

靶场多站制安全控制体制研究

固体导弹飞行试验给地面安控系统带来较大的困难,国民经济的高速发展也对安全控制的范围和可靠性提出更高要求.文中阐述了一种多站体制在安全遥控中应用的必要性和合理性,论述了该体制的的工作原理、特点和组成.该体制具有抗火焰性能好、可靠性高的优点,具有较好的应用前景.     

磁浮列车无线通信系统中空间分集合并模块的设计与实现

分析了国产磁浮列车车地无线通信系统的信道特性及接收分集合并方案，给出了基于改进型选择性分集合并模块的设计和硬件实现。系统联试现场数据表明，该模块能有效改善系统的传输性能。     

The translation and sedimentation of accounting reforms. A comparison of the UK,Austrian and Italian experiences

Since the late 1980s, there has been a significant and progressive movement away from the traditional Public Administration (PA) systems, in favour of NPM-type accounting tools and ideas inspired by the private sector. More recently, a new focus on governance systems, under the banner Public Governance (PG), has emerged. In this paper it is argued that reforms are not isolated events, but are embedded in more global discourses of modernisation and influenced by the institutional pressures present in a certain field at certain points in time. Using extensive document analysis in three countries with different administrative regimes (the UK, Italy and Austria), we examine public sector accounting and budgeting reforms and the underlying discourses put forward in order to support the change. We investigate the extent to which the actual content of the reforms and the discourses they are embedded within are connected over time; that is, whether, and to what degree, the reform “talk” matches the “decisions”. The research shows that in both the UK and in Italy there is consistency between the debates and the decided changes, although the dominant discourse in each country differs, while in Austria changes are decided gradually, and only after they have been announced well in advance in the political debate. We find that in all three countries the new ideas and concepts layer and sediment above the existing ones, rather than replace them. Although all three countries underwent similar accounting and budgeting reforms and relied on similar institutional discourses, each made its own specific translation of the ideas and concepts and is characterised by a specific formation of sedimentations. In addition, the findings suggest that, at present in the three countries, the PG discourse is used to supplement, rather than supplant, other prevailing discourses.     

Regímenes de producción y relaciones laborales en el sector chino del automóvil

Las huelgas en el sector del automóvil acaecidas en China en 2010 suscitaron reformas sustanciales de las relaciones laborales en la provincia de Guangdong. A partir de una investigación empírica exhaustiva en empresas líderes de ensamblaje y en sus suministradoras, el autor construye una tipología de los regímenes de producción para analizar los cambios actuales de las relaciones laborales. Este marco ayuda a entender y a conceptualizar la diversidad creciente de regímenes en la industria china automotriz y la segmentación de la fuerza de trabajo a lo largo de la cadena de suministro. Se concluye con un análisis de las perspectivas de reforma ulterior.     

基于风险资产结构不确定性的商业银行整合风险度量研究

基于商业银行风险资产的动态变化性和资产的多重风险属性,结合 Copula 函数与不确定性理论,设计风险资产结构不确定的商业银行整合风险的度量模型,运用随机模拟、神经网络与遗传算法相结合的求解算法,整合度量中国银行、交通银行和招商银行的市场风险和信用风险,结果表明：模型及求解的方法有效,基于历史数据规律对商业银行整合风险度量,更具优越性和实用性。     

西方事件及事件旅游研究的概念、内容、方法与启发(下)

事件及事件旅游(Event ＆ Event Tourism，简称E＆ET)已经成为西方旅游研究的热点之一。在研究大量文献的基础上，作者对西方主要国家事件及事件旅游的研究情况和学科发展进行了系列介绍。全部介绍共分6个部分。本文是第4至第6部分。第4部分对事件及事件旅游的研究内容进行了归纳总结，总结了事件及事件旅游研究的五大内容和三大框架。第5部分介绍了事件及事件旅游研究两个重点领域的研究情况：第1节对体育赛事与体育旅游进行了介绍，着重分析了奥运会及其旅游效应的研究，对体育旅游(Sport Tourism)和休闲体育(Leisure Sport)的研究进行了评价；第2节介绍了节事的旅游效应，归纳了节事旅游研究的重点领域。第6部分在分析我国相关研究情况的基础上，结合西方的研究趋势，对我国事件及事件旅游的研究进行了展望，提出了4个研究重点与方向。     

Risk disclosure and cost of equity: The Spanish case

In this paper we make an empirical study of the relationship between risk disclosure and the cost of equity. In particular, the objective being pursued is to contrast whether or not the cost of equity for the company is related to its financial and non-financial risk disclosure. Our results show no statistically significant relationship between the latter and the cost of equity; and a statistically significant relationship, with a positive sign, between this cost and financial risk disclosure. This suggests that company risk disclosures appear to introduce unknown contingencies and risk factors rather than only update information about known risks.