The science of complexity: An alternative perspective for strategic change processes

The two perspectives of strategy process most firmly established in the literature—strategic choice and ecology—assume the same about system dynamics: negative feedback processes driving successful systems (individual organizations or populations of organizations) toward predictable equilibrium states of adaptation to the environment. This paper proposes a third perspective, that of complex adaptive systems. The framework is provided by the modern science of complexity: the study of nonlinear and network feedback systems, incorporating theories of chaos, artificial life, self-organization and emergent order. Here system dynamics are characterized by positive and negative feedback as systems coevolve far from equilibrium, in a self-organizing manner, toward unpredictable long-term outcomes.     

Toward a 0th Law of Thermodynamics: Order-Creation Complexity Dynamics from Physics and Biology to Bioeconomics

The evolutionary economics part of bioeconomics has its origins in attempts to justify why only rational firms survive, or to introduce dynamics into economic orthodoxy. To the extent that these views persist, this aspect of bioeconomics appears outdated. A more recent view is that the most significant dynamics in bio- and econospheres are not variances around equilibria. Instead order is now seen to be due to the interactions of autonomous, heterogeneous agents energized by contextually imposed tensions induced by energy differentials. While Darwinian selection is still an important process at the tail end of the order-creation process, other natural forces surrounding the biosphere are seen as causing the more significant changes in biological entities over the millennia. This view is set forth within the framework of thermodynamics. It also calls for a change away from the definition of science rooted in the equilibrium mathematics of Newton's orbital mechanics. This new message from natural science is about rapid-fire dynamics calling for a fast-motion science of order-creation before the equilibria of the 1^st Law of Thermodynamics take hold. The 2^nd Law of Thermodynamics is seen to dominate the 1^st Law as the root cause of change. The possibility of a 0^th law – of agents' self-organization toward order creation – is considered. Key works by Prigogine, Ashby, Lorenz, Haken, Kelso et al., Salthe, Gell-Mann, Mainzer, Omnès, and Kauffman are reviewed. Nine premises – tracing the path toward an emerging 0^th law – are discussed, with some variance also evident. The view of Kelso et al. most easily leads to a one-sentence statement of a possible 0^th law of order creation that could offer something of value to bioeconomists.     

浅论我国企业环境管理自组织发展

我国企业环境管理自组织发展同时受外部因素与内部因素的双重影响. 外部因素包括政府管制、金融与风险管理市场、供应链参与者、环境其他相关人员以及人力资本市场等;内部因素包括企业文化、组织机构与管理制度、学习与创新机制、竞争优势等. 以影响因素为切入点,发现存在于我国企业环境管理自组织发展中的问题主要有政府环境管理力度不足、非政府环境组织作用甚微、公众环境保护参与意识较低、绿色消费市场还未成熟、市场主体的绿色偏好较弱、企业内部系统缺乏动力. 针对企业环境管理自组织发展中存在的问题,可以通过构建优良宏观环境,为企业环境管理自组织发展提供保障;通过创设优良行业环境,为企业环境管理自组织发展提供基石;通过健全企业内部动力系统,为企业环境管理自组织发展提供力量.     

协作商务中基于BA无标度网络的核心企业自组织性解释

分布计算、知识管理和电子商务相互作用产生的协作商务与传统网络组织相比,存在合作关系更加紧密、对整个组织的协调和控制能力更强等特点。将协作商务看作是一个自组织系统,并分析指出其中的核心企业是组织内个体自发对决策权让度的结果,随后提出了一个BA无标度网络的拓展模型以描述协作商务网络的合作关系,并进行了数值模拟。研究表明,随着协作商务中个体间协作关系的纵向深化,整个协作网络将以更快的速度演化并加剧了节点度的不对称分布。     

基于耗散结构理论的集群创新系统形成及演化分析

集群创新系统具有自组织的特性,并在演变的过程中耗散结构形成,接着从熵变的角度进行研究,通过建立集群创新系统的熵变模型,试图说明集群创新系统演变的路径和内在机理。随着创新产出量的变化,集群创新系统表现出明显的演化过程,通过有效控制创新产出量,可以从宏观上把握集群创新系统的演化方向。     

基于市场集中度的中国煤炭产业非平衡态分析

系统通过自组织实现向高级有序状态的演化被证明是优于被组织的进化方式。耗散结构理论向我们阐述了系统实现自组织的条件,其中重要的一点就是要远离平衡态。一个产业过度竞争或者过度垄断就整个系统而言都属于处在低水平的平衡态或近平衡态。中国煤炭产业集中度偏低,处于低级平衡态,不仅影响了产业发展,而且还对生态环境等方面带来了较严重的危害。因此,需要不断地吸收负熵(人员道德、信息和技术)以远离平衡态,从而找到处于低级平衡态的中国煤炭产业转型的方向。