入境旅游季节性测度及影响因素研究——基于上海的实证分析

季节性是入境旅游的典型特征之一,对旅游业发展具有重要影响。本文以2004—2019年入境旅游月度数据为样本,采用变异系数、月度指数测度上海入境旅游需求季节性,并构建面板数据模型分析上海入境旅游需求季节性影响因素。研究发现:①上海入境旅游月集中度波动频繁,季节性明显;②上海入境旅游季节形式表现为中间低,两边高的"M"型,在全年范围内形成旺季、平季和淡季3个旅游季节,其中3月、4月、5月、10月和11月为旺季,1月和2月为淡季,其余月份为平季;③长途客源市场季节性波动较小,但总体季节性较高;短途客源市场季节性在降低,但其内部客源地存在季节性过高和季节性过低的两极分化现象。④经济、气候和社会因素均不同程度显著影响上海入境旅游季节性。     

ESG投资能够促进银行创造流动性吗?——兼论经济政策不确定性的调节效应

当前在我国致力于实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的大背景下,银行能否通过ESG投资促进流动性创造,进而推动高质量发展具有重大战略意义。本文利用2009年第一季度至2020年第二季度中国36家上市银行的面板数据,实证分析ESG投资对银行流动性创造的影响,并将其置于经济政策不确定性条件下予以讨论。研究发现:第一,ESG投资整体上促进流动性创造,表现为对资产端和负债端流动性创造的促进作用,以及对表外流动性创造的抑制作用。从ESG投资结构看,环境保护投资和社会责任投资均抑制流动性创造,而公司治理投资则促进流动性创造。异质性分析表明,地方性银行和资本短缺银行的ESG投资对流动性创造具有更强的促进作用。第二,中介机制分析发现,ESG投资主要通过“盈利”和“风险”渠道促进流动性创造。第三,在经济政策不确定性上升时期,ESG投资对流动性创造的促进作用更加显著。从ESG投资分项看,经济政策不确定性会增强环境保护投资和社会责任投资对流动性创造的抑制作用,以及公司治理投资对流动性创造的促进作用。本文结论为充分发挥ESG投资作用并以此推动高质量发展提供了政策启示。     

COVID-19 as a stress test: Assessing the bank regulatory framework

The broad economic damage of the COVID-19 pandemic poses the first major test of the bank regulatory reforms put in place after the Global Financial Crisis. Our study assesses the U.S. regulatory framework, with an emphasis on capital and liquidity requirements. Prior to the COVID-19 crisis, banks were well capitalized and held ample liquid assets, which partly reflects enhanced requirements. The overall robust capital and liquidity levels resulted in a resilient banking system, which maintained lending and market making through the early stages of the pandemic. Trading activity was a source of strength for banks, reflecting in part a prudent regulatory approach. That said, leverage requirements are associated with more repo position netting by banks, with potential implications for market making.     

The impact of bank FinTech on liquidity creation: Evidence from China

This paper examines whether and how bank FinTech affects liquidity creation. Using panel data from Chinese commercial banks over the period 2008–2019 and bank-level FinTech indices constructed by a textual analysis method, we find robust evidence that banks with greater FinTech development create more liquidity for the public. This effect operates through deposit inflow, risk management, and cost efficiency channels. Furthermore, we find that the positive effect of bank FinTech on liquidity creation is more pronounced for banks with non-state ownership, unlisted status, and less liquidity creation.     

Term premium dynamics in an emerging market: Risk,liquidity, and behavioral factors

This paper contributes to the fixed income research by identifying determinants of term premium in an emerging market’s treasury bond yields with particular attention on ambiguity. We use Nelson–Siegel yield curves generated from daily bond price quotes as input to construct a three-factor affine term structure model which decomposes observed yields into risk-neutral and term premium components. We also construct an ambiguity index using intraday FX return data following Brenner and Izhakian (2018). Our analyses suggest that a combination of factors representing market risk, credit risk, liquidity, ambiguity, and investor sentiments can explain majority of the variation in term premia. Explanatory power of credit risk measures are found to increase while those of volatility, ambiguity, and sentiment measures diminish with the maturity horizon. The results imply that ambiguity aversion of bond investors is a major determinant of the shape of the yield curve as it drives the premia for short end of the yield curve lower in line with the expectation of flight-to-safety behavior.     

中国科技创新结构如何影响杠杆率?

杠杆率水平与系统性金融风险息息相关。杠杆率的高低与科技创新结构存在着密切关系,已有文献忽略了科技创新结构对杠杆率作用机理的研究。科技创新结构如何影响杠杆率?对此问题,本文进行系统性的理论分析,并以省际面板数据为对象进行实证检验。研究表明,我国省级科技研发劳动投入比例结构,以及创新产出结构对杠杆率具有重要影响,两类创新劳动投入对于杠杆率都具有显著作用,但影响方向相反;我国省级杠杆率具有空间效应,既有共性因子,又存在异质性特征。以上发现对于现阶段降低我国系统性金融风险,特别是为从创新的角度设计、制定和完善我国有关杠杆率的金融政策提供了科学的理论指导和实证证据。