在位企业非连续性技术变革的技术代际桥研究

非连续性技术变革给在位企业带来巨大挑战,要求在位企业克服新技术研发困难和自身潜在惰性进行积极响应,在与新进入企业市场竞争中获取持续竞争优势,化解熊彼特提出的破坏性创新威胁。整合社会网络理论、知识管理理论及创新管理理论,以65家汽车综合型整车在位制造企业为样本,通过搭建发明家桥、合作研发桥、混合技术桥等3个维度的技术代际桥,探讨在位企业如何在维持两代技术阶段性平衡的前提下提高新技术创新绩效。结果发现：发明家桥与企业新技术创新绩效呈倒U型关系;合作研发桥和混合技术桥对企业新技术创新绩效具有显著促进作用;旧技术创新绩效负向调节发明家桥与新技术创新绩效的倒U型关系。研究旨在为在位企业应对非连续性技术变革,提高新技术创新绩效提供相应的对策建议。     

SHIFTING BOUNDARIES IN ECONOMICS: THE INSTITUTIONAL COGNITIVE STRAND AND THE FUTURE OF INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS

This paper aims at contributing to the debate on the future of institutional economics and of the field as a whole by starting from the literature that discusses the relationship between Old‐Original Institutional Economics and New Institutional Economics. It suggests that the process of reunifying OIE and NIE (and evolutionary economics) prompted by part of the literature could be improved by the contribution of the Cognitive Institutional Economics. The paper follows a two‐stage pathway: first, it frames the debate on the relationships between NIE and the OIE and it concentrates on a subset of the literature that shows that NIE's recent developments complicate the distinction between NIE and OIE, and it explores the possibility that NIE and OIE may merge so that an amalgam of NIE, OIE and Evolutionary Economics becomes the next economic paradigm. Secondly, the paper argues that a step forward in the direction outlined by the literature has been made by CIE, which is a research stream that developed from cross‐fertilization among NIE, OIE and the Hayekian contributions to the analysis of institutions. In the concluding remarks, the possible emergence of a single institutional paradigm is discussed in the light of the literature about change in economics.     

区域高技术产业发展的动态效率分析

运用非参数DEA-Malmquist指数法,根据2003—2007年的面板数据对我国珠三角、长三角、环渤海三大区域的高技术产业全要素生产率进行测算和分析,估算出三大区域9省市全要素生产率变化指数、效率变化指数和技术进步指数。结果表明,先发省市的高新技术产业基本处于生命周期的成熟阶段,年度技术进步指数在下滑,效率变化指数呈现不变或上升趋势,产业集群优势开始呈现,并提出进一步发展区域高技术产业的对策。     

美国2011年财政研发预算重点与趋势分析

在金融危机的压力下,美国联邦政府近两年的研发预算增幅甚微,2011年仅增加0．23％,但投向基础研究的资金增幅创下近五年新高,“气候”成为继“生物医学”之后又一大战略重点。本文简要分析美国联邦财政2011年研发预算的分布及其重点,及近年来美财政对研发战略投资的趋势。     

三农现代化途径研究

在新的历史起点上推进三农现代化,需要直接以农业、农民和农村为发展对象.发展现代农业需要在农业中引入现代生产要素.其中最为突出的:一是科技要素,二是人力资本要素.鼓励现代生产要素投入农业的关键是提高农业投入收益率.城乡一体化是推进农村现代化的基本途径.城镇城市化和村庄集中是实现城乡一体化的有效途径.克服城乡二元体制是城乡一体化的制度保证.农民现代化的基本途径是农民不进城就市民化.其内容是农民享受平等的城市人的市民权利,城乡居民政治、经济和社会地位的平等,城乡生活方式的趋同,公共物品的享受权利平等.     

Change-point detection for expected shortfall in time series

Expected shortfall (ES) is a popular risk measure and plays an important role in risk and portfolio management. Recently, change-point detection of risk measures has been attracting much attention in finance. Based on the self-normalized CUSUM statistic in Fan, Glynn and Pelger (2018) and the Wild Binary Segmentation (WBS) algorithm in Fryzlewicz (2014), this paper proposes a variant WBS procedure to detect and estimate change points of ES in time series. The strengthened Schwarz information criterion is also introduced to determine the number of change points. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite-sample performance of our variant WBS procedure about ES in time series. An empirical application is given to illustrate the usefulness of our procedure.     

Crafting Internal Hybrids: Complementarities,Common Change Initiatives,and the Team-Based Organization

Hybrid governance forms that seek to meld the virtues of both market control and traditional hierarchical control are alluring. Comparatively little research, outside of the M-form literature, has examined internal hybrids - hierarchical forms infused with elements of market control. This paper contends that common change initiatives, such as TQM, re-engineering, autonomous work teams, and group-based rewards, are appropriately viewed as attempts to craft internal hybrids by selectively infusing elements of market control within hierarchy. However, these change initiatives are often implemented in isolation and, as a consequence, violate patterns of complementarity that sustain traditional hierarchy or support the stable infusion of market control.The paper argues that these violations of complementarity often spiral hierarchies toward fundamental transformation. The clear trajectory of these transformations is to quite radically disaggregated organizations structured around teams. The paper presents both theory and evidence supporting the existence of complementarities among these common change initiatives.     

Corporate Name Change and the Market Valuation of Firms: Evidence from an Emerging Market

Investors’ responses to a firm’s name change and the determinants of their response are scantly explored areas in the field of behavioral finance. Based on a sample of 415 Indian firms from 2005 to 2014, this study suggests that investors respond positively to the announcement of firm name changes. Furthermore, the study indicates that when firms do not indicate geographical specificity in the name and have a specific rather than generic name, then the firm will experience greater abnormal returns. Also, when firm names are fluent and are associated with the owner’s family name, again, abnormal returns generated are positive. Nevertheless, as a firm ages and investors gain more information about it, then abnormal returns due to name change decrease.     

高等教育融资的制度变迁与融资对策

我国的国情是“穷国”办了世界最大规模的教育,教育融资不足的问题是制约我国公立高等教育发展,乃至影响整个经济发展和社会进步的极为重要的课题。针对公立高等教育的准公共产品属性,我国公立高等教育融资需要国家、社会、学校及学生多主体同步推进,逐步加以解决。国家应该承担起教育投入的主要责任,合理规避高校贷款的融资风险;作为有益补充,学校可以采用稳步推进BOT融资等市场化融资手段,同时建立和完善“资本投资式”的助学贷款机制,减轻政府的财政负担。     

统筹城乡发展是对完善社会主义市场经济体制的有效探索

中国建设社会主义市场经济体制的探索,经历了一条先农村、后城市,然后进行统筹城乡综合改革三大阶段。统筹城乡发展成为探索中国推进制度转型发展,完善社会主义市场经济体制的重大战略。统筹城乡发展对社会主义市场经济体制完善的主要路径是政府主导建立社会主义城乡统一大市场,规范市场运行,弥补市场失灵,同时推进基层民主建设以弥补集权管理制度不足。制度贡献将成为统筹城乡发展对推进国家现代化进程的最大贡献。