Necessarily welfare-enhancing customs unions with industrialization constraints: The Cooper-Massell-Johnson-Bhagwati conjecture

This paper demonstrates that welfare-improving Customs Unions can be guaranteed even if we are constrained by specific non-economic government objectives, thus proving the Cooper-Massell-Johnson-Bhagwati conjecture. We consider a ‘production’ objective here, where a member country requires the output of a particular sector (e.g. a target level of industrialization) to be maintained at the pre-union level, and show that welfare-improving Customs Unions can still be achieved. It is straightforward to show that this result can be extended to other non-economic objectives as well.     

The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem and International Factor Price Differences

This paper demonstrates the importance of accounting for absorption of inputs in a model of factor-augmenting international productivity differences when examining the consistency of international factor price differences with the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem. It is shown that the absence of such accounting has non-trivial implications in the form of introducing a bias in the calculation of productivity parameters based on the HOV theorem. JEL Classification Numbers: F1     

Estimating the stationary distribution of a Markov chain

Summary. Let be a Markov chain with a unique stationary distribution . Let h be a bounded measurable function. Write and . This paper explores conditions for the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimate of of assuming the existence of a solution to the Poisson equation . Our framework covers the case of nonirreducible Markov chains arising in many growth models in economics. Received: October 8, 2001; revised version: April 8, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Thanks are due to Professors Rabi Bhattacharya, Nicholas Kiefer and Timothy Vogelsang on an earlier draft for helpful conversations, and a referee for insightful comments. Correspondence to: M.Majumdar     

Competition and production prices

My theorem, the so-called Okishio theorem, is a comparativestatics result. Therefore, it has no realistic meaning if capitalists'competition does not establish a new equilibrium following theintroduction of a new production method. Marx firmly believedthat a new equilibrium was established. In this paper, we investigatethe capitalist process without technical change. If we choosethe proper parameters and initial conditions, all profit ratesconverge to zero, Schumpeter's result.     

港口设备维修优化模型及实例研究

为了提高港口企业的经济效益,必须有效控制港口设备的停机损失.首先依据更新报酬定理,把单位时间设备的平均停机损失最小作为决策目标;其次以时间延迟理论为基础,建立港口设备的维修优化模型,根据故障记录数据和PM活动检查数据,运用MATLAB软件进行参数拟合;然后建立维修周期与单位时间设备平均停机损失之间的关系函数,求解最优的维修周期;最后进行实例验证,通过运用此模型,R3取料机每年能减少22万元的停机损失.由此得出结论:企业应加强维修力度,缩短维修周期.     

配电网中感应雷电波传变特性的研究

本文从理论上分析了感应雷电波从架空配电线到变压器低压端的传输特性。基于Agrawal模型对感应雷击电磁脉冲作用下配电线路-变压器系统的过电压进行数值模拟,得到变压器接入对线路末端感应电压影响的仿真结果;采用传输线等效电路模型和戴维南等效定理,将雷击感应电压作用到配电变压器上,仿真计算了雷击浪涌传变到变压器低压侧的特性。     

A Theorem on the Gains from International Factor Mobility

This paper proves that for the case of a small country, which cannot influence world factor prices, an expansion in the scope of international factor mobility can never reduce its real national income. [F11, F20]     

Solving the U.S. Trade Deficit and Competitiveness Problem

We compare the analytical approach of John R. Common and Ronald H. Coase to institutional analysis and social provisioning. In particular, we examine their similarities in (i) the definition and role of institutions in the economy, (ii) the allocative (social provisioning) role of institutions in the economy, and (iii) the inescapable and unchanging role of institutions in shaping the social provisioning process. We contend that Commons and Coase had more in common than did Coase and many of his followers in the “new institutional economics.” In particular, the two had strong similarities in both (a) their insights into the nature of institutions in the legal-economic nexus that is the foundation of the economy and (b) their methods for conducting economics research. Because this role of institutional evolution is, as Warren Samuels noted, an inescapable and unchanging part of an economy’s social provisioning process, it will remain an integral part of any such work in the future, regardless of the “school of analysis” or methodological approach.