“规范性力量欧洲”与欧盟对华外交

相对于民事力量欧洲和军事力量欧洲,欧洲人在21世纪初提出了规范性力量欧洲的概念,将它作为欧盟的身份及其在国际事务中角色的新定位。规范性力量欧洲是欧洲人对他们的先哲提出的政治价值观的继承以及他们在欧洲一体化实践中新观念的总结,同时也打上了欧洲历史和现实政治文化语境的烙印。通过分析欧盟对华人权外交及其成员国的价值观外交,作者认为,欧洲规范是有积极意义的,但欧盟以自己认定的方式将其向世界推广,将欧洲规范、欧洲价值观等同于所谓普世规范、普世价值而强加于人,这在理论上是不合逻辑的,在实践上是难以行得通的。     

我国输欧消费品技术性贸易壁垒的新进展

2004～2009年,欧盟对华产品通报始终位居RAPEX系统首位。2009年,欧盟发布对华通报1993项,相比2008年增幅达7％。2009年,欧盟连续发布多项关于消费品和消费品中化学物质的安全指令,我国输欧消费品面临的技术性贸易壁垒形势愈加严峻。文章在统计和分析欧盟RAPEX对华产品通报新进展的基础上,围绕2009年欧盟新出台的法规与指令展开研究,综合分析了导致我国输欧消费品遭受技术性贸易壁垒的多方面因素,最后提出了应对策略与建议。     

2009年欧盟RASFF通报中国食品安全问题分析

根据2009年度欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统（RASFF）向公众通报进口中国食品及饲料安全问题的情况,总结被通报产品种类涉及的风险因素,分析问题产生的原因,探讨应对措施,充分发挥风险预警作用,以减少或避免类似情况发生。     

Factors Driving Quality Standard Compliance in the Polish Dairy Sector

We construct a model to identify determinants of the diffusion rate of quality standards in a food chain. We argue that adoption decisions in the food chain are determined by farmers’ and processors’ economic considerations. Factors such as pricing behaviour, compliance costs and market structure are identified and discussed in the paper. The findings are used to test an econometric model utilizing data on Polish milk processing firms gathered between 2000 and 2002. The results indicate that input and output prices have a significant influence on the diffusion rate of standards; the dominance of large-scale holdings in the relevant procurement market significantly increases diffusion as well. Compared to their competitors, small cooperatives were found to face more significant problems in procuring high quality raw materials.      

The Economic Convergence Performance of Central and Eastern European Countries

A critical discussion of a comparative growth analysis about Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is performed. The main conclusion is that there was economic convergence for most CEE accession candidates, but not between them and Western Europe. Results do justify a separation into first and second-wave accession countries, but also undermine differences in Central and Eastern Europe between accession and non-accession countries.This paper critically examines theories and empirical studies for three types of convergence, namely , and club convergence. Each can be in absolute terms or conditional to the long-term equilibrium (steady state) for each country.Empirical results are provided for all types of convergence from 1996 to 2000, both with population-weighted and non-weighted data. The analysis is performed for differently framed country subgroups considering even Western Europe for better comparability. Once absolute convergence is found through a unit root test about a standard deviation time series of cross-sectional income per capita, the regression coefficient for initial income per capita with the average growth over the sample period as dependent variable ( convergence) establishes the speed of this process. The same method applies to the conditional version by using the distance of the income from the corresponding steady state instead of the level of GDP. Then Markov chain probability matrixes (club convergence) provide information about the past behaviour of the whole cross-sectional income distribution over time, but also about intra-mobility of single countries.     

欧盟《未来化学品新政策》对我国化工行业的影响

欧盟公布的《未来化学品新政策》白皮书实际上是一种新的绿色壁垒和贸易壁垒形式。它给我国的化工行业带来了新的严峻的挑战 ,将使我国的染料、颜料、农药、有机中间体、纺织品等的出口成本、创制成本大幅提高 ,制约了这些产品的出口和发展。应对措施是 :强化观念转变 ,提高产品质量和检测技术水平 ;强化体制改革 ,积极开发新产品 ,从而在面对欧盟新政策的挑战中争得主动 ,赢得胜利。     

Convergence in Per Capita Income Levels, Productivity Dynamics and Real Exchange Rates in the EU Acceding Countries

During a catch up process – such as the one that thecountries acceding to the EU are undergoing – there emergesa fundamental economic link between nominal and realvariables which surfaces in the dynamics of the realexchange rate (the ``Balassa–Samuelson effect'). Thisarticle analyzes some of the implications of this process forthe acceding countries addressing three main issues.First it focuses on the empirical measurement of convergencebetween acceding countries and EU-member states. Thenit analyzes the economic fundamentals of a catch up processarguing that for this process to be self-sustained, it must bebased on differential productivity growth whereby productivityin the acceding countries grows faster than that in the incumbents.Thirdly, an attempt is made to test empirically theBalassa–Samuelson effect in the EU acceding countries. Finally the article discusses some of the policy implications of thedichotomy ``real-cum-nominal convergence' on the way to EUand EMU accession.     

欧盟经济的“板块”特征与发展趋势

通过搜集、整理和归类大量的统计数据，利用定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法，剖析欧盟经济发展的“板块”特征。文章第一次把欧盟经济划分为5个类型，同时分析了这五种经济类型的特征与发展趋势。