陕西省工业行业碳排放实证研究

运用投入产出模型,首先测算了2002年、2007年及2012年陕西省工业品隐含碳排放量情况。结果发现,3个年份陕西省隐含碳排放量不断增加且呈现出较高的行业集中度,排名前5位的部门由高到低分别为石油化工业、煤石油开采业、金属制品业、非金属制品业及计算机设备制造业。随后,分析了2002年、2007年及2012年陕西省工业品隐含碳排放失衡度。结果表明,在国际贸易方面,上述3个年份陕西省均为隐含碳排放净出口方,说明陕西省为其它国家承担了能源环境负荷;在国内贸易方面,陕西省2002年和2007年为隐含碳排放的净调入方,而2012年变为净调出方,这主要是因为陕西省调出产品增幅较大造成的;在总贸易方面,陕西省隐含碳流动方向与国内贸易相同,这是由于陕西内贸规模远远大于其外贸规模。目前来看,较大的隐含碳流出虽然有利于陕西省经济增长,但所付出的环境代价却不容忽视。因此,陕西省需提高生产技术水平、实现产业结构优化升级与贸易结构低碳化协调发展。     

ICP 2005 Construction Prices: Are They Underestimated in Developing Countries?

Construction prices are lower in developing countries in ICP 2005, which has raised these countries' capital/output ratio in Penn World Tables 7 and 8 and affected growth analyses. We estimate the Colombia/U.S. price ratio for office and apartment buildings in 2005 as a test of the validity of the ICP 2005 methodology for estimating these prices. Our estimate of the Colombia/U.S. price ratio is almost twice the ICP 2005 estimate. We confirm the validity of our results by estimating the cost of constructing office and apartment buildings using 2005 prices for construction materials, equipment, and labor in both countries.     

A Study to Improve the Method of Ascertaining Attribute Weight Based on Rough Sets Theory

There are some shortages to ascertain attribute weight based on rough set in current studies. In this paper, attribute importance represented by rough set is studied deeply. Aiming at the existing problems, algebra presentation of rough sets is proved to be more comprehensive than its information presentation, then a new method of ascertaining attribute weigh is put forward based on rough set conditional entropy. Finally, it is shown that the new method is more reasonable than the old one by an example.     

我国建立研发枢纽的条件及发展战略

随着经济全球化的迅猛发展和国际竞争的日趋激烈,跨国的R&D活动日益朝着国际化、全球化的方向发展。改革开放以来,我国社会稳定、经济飞速发展,成为跨国公司投资的好地方。选取了京沪粤三地作为研究我国建立研发枢纽地的目的地,通过对京沪粤三地研发投入产出的有效性、R&D效率、研发枢纽条件的比较分析,研究了三地建立研发枢纽的条件,并提出了进一步促进建立研发枢纽的发展战略。     

海洋经济投入产出分析实证研究——以天津市为例

投入产出分析是国民经济核算的重要组成部分,它不仅能综合描述国民经济发展的概貌,而且还能反映国民经济内部各组成部分之间的复杂关系。本文在构造天津市海洋经济投入产出表,建立天津市海洋经济投入产出模型的基础上,对天津市海洋经济进行投入产出实证分析,并选择出天津市海洋经济主导产业。     

QFD法在公路工程限额设计总值确定中的应用

随着公路行业的发展,限额设计在公路建设中的运用越来越广泛,因此对其研究意义重大。结合公路工程实例,从业主需求出发,提出采用质量功能展开(QFD)方法,把业主对产品的质量需求转换成设计师所熟悉的质量特性,从而明确各个质量特性的相对权重。为限额设计总值的确定提供参考。     

中国制造业的“成本上涨与利润增长并存”之谜

2002~2007年间,中国制造业的原材料、工资等成本出现大幅度上涨,但与此同时,制造业的利润总额与利润率仍然呈增长趋势。本文利用投入-产出方法对中国制造业的“成本上涨与利润增长并存”之谜给予解释。本文的研究表明,投入（特别是原材料）价格与工资上涨造成制造业利润的减少,但通过提高产出的价格以及调整投入的结构、提高投入的使用效率能够消化成本上涨的影响,从而保持利润的增长。对成本上涨做出调整的过程也是产业升级的过程,2002-2007年间,中国制造业绝大多数行业的资本劳动比、全员劳动生产率与全要素生产率都有了显著提高。由于应对成本上涨空间的有限性,应进一步加快中国制造业产业升级的步伐。     

“多项连乘和加总”的因素分解法在能源平衡表中的应用

本文对各种研究方法进行分类比较,并指出它们之间的相通性;接着指出在实证研究中普遍存在由于经济部门、产业结构、能源种类等划分的宽口径带来的实验误差：宽口径处理方法的盛行一方面是由于详尽数据的获得存在难度;另一方面,是因为国内外现有研究都是采取“单项连乘和”的形式,这极大限制了分解表达式的涵盖范围和因子种类。为了克服实证研究误差,本文提出将“单项连乘和”扩展成“多项连乘和的加总”形式,并对这种新的方程形式进行因素分解的计算和求解,最后将新方法运用到北京市2000年-2011年的能源平衡表中,分解终端能源消费,获得了细致合理的实验结果。     

Ecological footprint of Gansu Province, China between 1997 and 2002： changes and inducement

The calculation of Ecological Footprint （EF） on the basis of Input-Output model （I-O model） was advanced by Bicknell, and modified and improved hy Ferng who corrected the footprint＇s aggregation to each sectors. For the lack of sufficient teehnique to deal with the trade between the research areas and the rest of the world, it it necessary to improve this method. And a dynamic analysis of the change of footprint based on I-O model, which could explore the factor impacting the footprint using the ,special advantage of I-O model, ought to be put into practice. After introducing the new method in detail, we calculate and compare the EF and the change of Gansu Province in the northwest of China in 1997 and 2002. The result shows that there was an increase of EF in 2002 caused by final domestic demand. Further; the inerement in EF export was 2.0 × 10^5 ha and 1.6 × 10^6 ha in import. The out-of- region support dropped from 22.6% to 18. 6%. We introduce three factors causing the EF change based on the character of I-O model： the productivity of the resourve which is explained by the change of resource used to obtain one unit output in a sector, the improvement of the economics and the final demand. Finally, we find that the effects of the three factors on the EF change are not identical except the industry sectors and the change of factors in the agriculture and the industry sectors works notably.     

The economic impacts of river rehabilitation: A regional Input-Output analysis

We developed a model to predict the impacts of river rehabilitation activities on the local economy. The model is based on the Input-Output analysis technique and was applied to the planned rehabilitation project for the River Thur in northern Switzerland, along the 4 km stretch between the communities of Bürglen and Weinfelden. We estimated changes in local employment and local economic output resulting from government spending on rehabilitation, associated changes in adjacent land use, and increased recreational activity. Accounting for land use changes required a modification of the conventional Input-Output analysis technique which should be of general interest. We accounted for uncertainty in the data and in some of the model assumptions by using a probabilistic formulation and propagating uncertainty through the model equations. As time-consuming local surveys were beyond the scope of this study, we used the Location Quotient non-survey technique to construct the local technical coefficients from national data and local employment data. This implies that the model can be applied quite easily to a different study area in Switzerland as long as local employment data are available. For each CHF 1 million expenditure per year on rehabilitation activities in our study region, we estimate an extra 8 fulltime employment equivalents (standard deviation, σ = 0.4 fte) and an increased output of CHF 1.4 million (σ = CHF 0.05 million). The low uncertainty of these estimates can be partly attributed to the structure of Input-Output analysis and partly to the fact that we estimated changes in the economic output, rather than output itself. In addition to the above impacts, we estimate that increased recreational use of the area will increase output by as much as CHF 0.17 million (σ = CHF 0.12 million) and employment by as much as 1.7 fulltime employment equivalents (σ = 1.3 fte), depending on the specific rehabilitation option selected.