创新评价研究热点分析及其相关启示

创新评价是创新领域研究的一个热点领域,其对企业创新投资决策及管理活动意义重大.以2000-2010年创新评价为篇名的文献为研究对象,运用共词分析方法进行高词频分析、多维尺度分析和知识图谱分析,从定量和定性两个角度去综合研究创新评价的研究热点,指出“模型”、“体系”、“方法”、“技术”等属于创新评价研究的重点领域,并结合典型文献研究分析创新评价的发展趋势,指出知识创新评价问题也日益成为创新评价的一个新兴领域.知识创新评价可以借用技术创新评价研究的模型、体系和方法,但要对其内涵及边界进行准确界定,否则容易混淆相关概念,导致知识创新评价研究与其他创新评价交叉在一起,从而无法真正推动知识创新评价研究的深入开展.     

Does legal system matter for directed technical change? Evidence from the auto industry

Does the effect of fuel taxes on clean innovations (e.g. hybrid technology) depend on the legal system’s rigidity? Using 1986–2005 data from more than 1900 firms, evidence suggests that auto-industry firms located in civil law (with more rigid laws) countries increase clean technology patenting more than common law (with more flexible laws) firms when the tax-inclusive fuel price rises. A rigid legal system appears to raise clean technology innovation.     

Risk identification in product innovation projects: new perspectives and lessons learned

The paper addresses the improvement of innovation project (IP) risk identification by applying the RBS (Risk Breakdown Structure) method, and represents a follow-up analysis of the subject (a case of IP before and after applying the method). The activities of risk identification are an initial phase in most of risk management processes and classifications. High-level risk-taking is one of the key characteristics of IPs, due to the fact that this type of projects is related to implementation of new ideas. An example illustrates the combination of RBS/WBS for evaluating the risk concentration, called Risk Breakdown Matrix. This research has proven that implementation of the presented approach in the context of the Serbian market can improve efficiency of all phases of the project, especially those related to planning phase.     

Innovation and its diffusion: process,actors and actions

Seeking to understand factors affecting innovation diffusion, research has increasingly focused on process, actors and activities. After two decades of research, however, a systematisation of these three sets of studies is still lacking. Thus, this paper contributes to the existing literature providing a comprehensive framework of factors affecting innovation diffusion between organisations. Specifically it evidences phases of innovation diffusion process, clarifies the role of innovator, adopters and intermediaries and evidences actions that policy-makers can implement to support it.     

Digitization of heritage collections as indicator of innovation

Heritage institutions house cultural and research content, which is the key source to stimulate soft innovation. Despite the potential, heritage collections are mostly inaccessible via digital mediums. We analyse the macro, meso and micro conditions of heritage organizations across Europe to identify the key determinants that foster soft innovation as reflected by the share of collection digitization and online publication. We find that organizations respond positively to an environment of high consumer digital literacy and sustainable resource allocation that enables slack, skilled staff and long-term strategic planning. Innovation is thus, in fact, enhanced by digital literacy from both producers and consumers.     

众包式创新激励机制研究——基于委托代理理论

众包式创新是基于互联网交互作用快速兴起的一种多主体参与的合作创新理念和创新模式.它是指公司或其他组织将过去由内部员工执行的部分工作任务,以自由自愿的形式分包给非特定的、数量庞大的网络大众完成的一种创新模式.这种创新模式所呈现出的民主、平等、参与的理念及其汇集集体智慧的网络组织创新特点受到众多世界500强企业及创业企业的青睐,展现了无限的魅力.企业发布任务,参与者完成任务获得奖励的活动实际上是一种委托代理活动.本文基于委托代理理论对众包式创新激励机制进行了分析,探讨了企业应该如何进行激励机制的设计,使参与者更努力的完成任务,创造出更优秀的作品,以及不同激励机制设计对于众包式创新运行效率的影响.     

企业技术创新过程模型研究——基于供应商和用户共同参与的模式

创新是一个民族的素质体现,也是企业发展不变的主题.随着科学技术日益复杂化,技术创新在企业中的重要作用也日益凸显.时于企业来说,技术创新是帮助其在激烈竞争中保持优势的基础,只有进行技术创新,提升自身竞争力,才能让新技术及新产品赶上市场需求潮流,让企业在竞争中立于不败之地.企业创新过程能够为企业的创新指明一条道路,但是现如今企业不能仅仅依靠企业自身采进行创新,而应该借助各方面的力量,让用户和供应商一起参与到技术创新过程中来.有研究表明,供应商和用户参与到新产品开发过程中,能为企业提高新产品开发效率提供有效帮助.但是用户和供应商参与到创新中,技术创新过程又会是怎样一种情况?本文将从这个角度出发,在分别修正已有的供应商和用户单独参与汽车企业技术创新过程模型的基础上,模拟归纳出二者共同参与的技术创新过程模型,为企业新形势下的创新提供帮助.     

Public support to innovation and imitation in a non-scale growth model

This paper studies technology policy within a version of Jones's [1995. R&D-based models of economic growth. Journal of Political Economy 103, 759–784] non-scale R&D-based growth framework that incorporates imitation of foreign techniques. In the model, imitation is the most important source of productivity growth at the beginning of the convergence process, whereas innovation dominates later on. In addition, the transitional dynamics of the model can account for well-known empirical regularities regarding the relationship between the level of economic development and public support to technology innovation and imitation. The paper shows as well that, even though policy in Jones-type non-scale models has no long-run growth effects, level effects can be substantial.     

FDI与OFDI溢出对高技术产业区域创新的门槛效应研究

选取2003-2016年省域高技术产业面板数据,以R&D人员投入为门槛变量,实证分析FDI与OFDI溢出对高技术产业区域创新的非线性影响。得出以下稳健性结论：FDI和OFDI溢出对高技术产业区域创新具有双门槛效应,FDI溢出呈现先升后降的特征,而OFDI溢出则呈现先降后升特征;R&D人员投入、R&D资本积累、城镇化水平有利于高技术产业区域创新,而金融成熟度未产生明显推动作用;政府支持可能对R&D人力投入较高省份产生抑制作用;2003-2016年跨越R&D人员投入中、高门槛的省份在不断增加。     

研发模式对制造业企业创新绩效的影响

将企业研发模式分为自主研发、合作研发和双重研发三种,使用世界银行对中国制造业企业的调查数据,通过倾向得分匹配方法探究不同研发模式对企业创新绩效的作用效果及其在异质性企业中的差异情况。全样本研究结果表明：企业双重研发对创新绩效的激励效果最好,合作研发的激励效果次之,自主研发的激励效果最弱。企业异质性研究结果显示：自主研发对高成长性企业创新绩效的激励效果最显著,合作研发对低成长性企业和小微企业的激励效果最显著;对于无融资约束的企业,双重研发模式是提升创新绩效的最佳选择,但是对有融资约束的企业,其提升效果最弱。