城镇化的“土改”路径——以成都统筹城乡改革实践为例

中国城乡土地的"二元性"和农村集体土地产权的"分设性"妨碍了城乡土地、劳动和资本的有效配置,因而也妨碍了中国的城镇化进程.作为重要的生产资料,农村土地配置仍然要回归市场渠道,这是市场经济的基本要求.成都统筹城乡改革实践表明,在国家现有土地制度框架下,在"确权"基础上,通过适时、有针对性地政策调整与改革,农用地、农地转用以及农地经营权的让渡都可逐步采取市场定价途径实现土地资源的有效配置.     

城乡居民收入再分配兼顾公平与效率的财政政策取向——以辽宁省为例

保证收入分配公平是政府公共政策中最困难和最具争议的一个问题。冷静分析收入的现实和趋向以及各种政策的长短,无论对于把握公平,还是促进混合经济的持续快速增长,都会助益。文章以辽宁省为例,对城乡居民收入分配的现状及影响进行阐述,并从财政政策角度剖析导致收入分配产生差距的原因,进而从财政政策层面挖掘城乡居民收入再分配兼顾公平与效率的取向。     

农业功能区划理论问题思考

农业功能区划是规范我国农业发展空间秩序,实现区域协调发展的重要基础性工作。该文在阐述开展农业功能区划背景意义的基础上,重点探讨了农业功能和农业功能区的内涵特征,农业功能区划的基本准则,农业功能区划的基本方法,农业功能区管理制度设计等农业功能区划理论问题。     

4D cadastres: First analysis of legal,organizational, and technical impact—With a case study on utility networks

The increasing complexity and flexibility of modern land use requires that cadastres need an improved capacity to manage the third dimension. As the world is per definition not static, there also will be needs in relation to the representation of the temporal (fourth) dimension either integrated with the spatial dimensions or as separate attribute(s). In this paper, registration of utility networks in cadastre are considered in this 3D + time (=4D) context. A number of countries in the world have developed methods to register utility networks complying with their legal, organizational, and technical structure. We researched the different approaches of three specific countries: Turkey, The Netherlands and Queensland, Australia. These are analysed to evaluate a solution that matches legal, organizational, and technical cadastral requirements in the most optimal way.     

Sustainable rural communities? A legal perspective on the community right to buy

Sustainable development is the underlying policy behind the community right to buy land in rural Scotland enshrined in the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, Part 2. The Act explicitly requires communities wishing to exercise the right to buy to have sustainable development at the heart of their community body and all their plans for the land. This paper examines the role and interpretation of sustainable development in the CRB. Since the Act was passed three administrations have headed up the Scottish government and sustainable development issues and strategies for Scotland have been aired in four important and distinctive policy documents showing that it is still very much an evolving concept in Scottish politics. The current administration has adopted the most econocentric approach yet seen in the UK, focusing on sustainable economic growth. Meanwhile, the community right to buy has developed its own sustainable development agenda. This review of decisions taken under the legislation illustrates that a diverse range of community ownership plans have been deemed consistent with sustainable development, from creation of sports facilities to preservation of castles, lighthouses and village greens. A range of economic, social and environmental objectives have been approved. On the other hand, communities that fail to adopt the ‘right’ approach to the principle will not be successful in using the legislation.     

试论土地利用总体规划编制程序的完善——提高程序的民主性

研究目的:完善土地利用总体规划(以下简称土地规划)编制程序,为《土地管理法》修改提供参考。研究方法:价值分析和规范分析。研究结果:分析得出提高土地规划编制程序的民主性具有重要意义,并认为可以通过完善人大参与和公众参与提高编制程序的民主性,进而指出现有法律关于土地规划编制程序民主性规定的不足,对提高土地规划编制程序民主性的法律保障提出了相关建议。研究结论:地方各级土地规划应当经同级人大常委会或人大审议,全国土地规划应当经全国人大常委会审查同意;县级以上土地规划草案可采用听证会、论证会、座谈会等各种方式征求意见,乡镇土地规划草案应当召开听证会征求意见。     

我国《土地管理法》成长历程及修改完善

在改革开放和社会主义市场经济体制逐步确立的大背景下,我国的《土地管理法》于1986年颁布实施,并在1988年和1998年进行了两次修改。对《土地管理法》的几次重要修订使我国的土地管理步入了市场化轨道、加强了耕地保护、启动了保护农民权益的改革。但《土地管理法》在土地利用总体规划、耕地保护、土地产权制度、土地征用等方面仍存在着问题,应进一步修改完善。要从土地利用总体规划法律制度建设、建立耕地保护新机制、进一步完善土地产权制度、完善征地制度等方面对现行《土地管理法》进行改革。     

浅议土地整治项目工程监理

本文从项目管理与项目质量两方面分析了土地整治工程监理的重要性,针对目前监理工作中存在的问题,在监控体系、准入与年审制度、人员培训体系、验收程序等几方面提出了相应的对策。     

Evaluating land administration systems: A comparative method with an application to Peru and Honduras

This article develops a comparative methodology for the evaluation of national land administration systems. We propose a set of quantitative and qualitative indicators with benchmarks for each one of them that signal possible venues to improve the administration's structure and budgetary/management arrangements, in order to bring about the following goals: (1) to contribute to public sector financing through taxes; (2) to encourage the productive and sustainable use of land, and (3) to facilitate access to land for low-income citizens. This methodology was applied to the cases of Honduras and Peru in order to refine our draft evaluation indicators, while evaluating the systems of both countries. Here we present the final refined indicators and benchmarks, and the conclusions from both case studies.     

河西地区土地生产潜力及人口承载力研究——以张掖市甘州区为例

河西地区是我国生态环境比较脆弱的地区,也是我国人口、资源、环境矛盾最集中的地方,由于长期对土地的不合理利用加剧了这一矛盾的激化。如何合理利用土地资源成为首先要解决的问题。文章以甘州区为例,来探讨该区土地潜力,通过应用生产潜力模型,并结合统计资料,建立了绿洲农区土地潜力评价系统和指标体系,通过应用气候(光温水)生产潜力模型和气候-土壤生产潜力(自然生产潜力)对该区的土地生产潜力进行评价。希望研究对于绿洲农区合理、有效、可持续的利用土地资源,使其最大程度的发挥土地生产潜力具有意义。