Differential effects of atmospheric cues on emotions and loyalty intention with respect to age under online/offline environment

Effects of atmospheric cues are usually not compared across offline and online contexts as well as across age groups. This study proposes a model that examines the effect of the atmospheric cues graphics design and information design on positive emotions and loyalty intentions. The model is compared across offline and online stores and regards the consumers' age as moderator. A field study was conducted, which collected data from 363 customers. Hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling. Results for the offline context reveal that graphics design foster positive emotions and loyalty. Information design predicts loyalty. Results for the online context reveal that information design is salient over graphics design. Information design fosters positive emotions and loyalty, while graphics design does not. Further, we found that in the offline context positive emotions predict loyalty among younger customers but not among older ones. In the online context the effect of graphics design on loyalty is stronger and, thus, significant for younger customers than compared to older ones.     

Taking in the good: How to facilitate savoring in work organizations

Recognizing, enhancing, and appreciating positive experiences in our lives, also known as savoring, has many benefits. Research on savoring suggests that practicing savoring is linked to positive outcomes, such as increased happiness and general well-being. Organizations should be aware of the positive implications of practicing savoring and should seek to develop savoring norms, as this can contribute to organizational success. This article discusses the savoring of positive experiences and its application in the workplace. Specifically, this article will provide an overview of strategies aimed at enhancing savoring, as well as past research findings that highlight the utility of these strategies. Different barriers and solutions to savoring are discussed, in addition to the importance of the context in cultivating savoring norms in the workplace.     

Positive emotions and spirituality in older travelers

This paper explores the potential of travel to generate self-transcendent positive emotions and contribute to the spirituality of travelers. Senior travelers are chosen as the target group for this research as spirituality and focus on emotions are salient characteristics of older adults. Sixteen depth interviews are conducted with experienced travelers aged 60–85. Content analysis reveals that travelling generates three categories of self-transcendent positive emotions including awe of natural beauty and Man’s harmonious relationship with nature, awe of manmade heritage and artistic beauty, admiration of other people and appreciation of kindness. Respondents also describe how travelling positively influences their spirituality by giving a positive meaning to their lives and nurturing their reflection on the meaning of life.     

Brand vulnerability to product assortments and prices

Abstract

The assortment of brands that a specific brand competes against varies from one point of sale to another. The competitive landscape changes further because of within-assortment price variations at each location. The joint variation in assortment composition and pricing creates a complex set of scenarios under which a brand needs to compete. In this paper, we develop an approach to assess changes in a brand's vulnerability under alternative assortment and price configurations. We specifically propose that, in market environments with high variability in the competitive set and prices, it is more appropriate to assess a brand's strength relative to alternative assortment configurations rather than against individual competing brands. We build a model that depicts a brand's vulnerability in latent assortment space rather than the traditional brand space. The results from an illustrative model application are used to draw inferences about changes in brand vulnerabilities under shallow and deep promotions.     

关于积极财政政策挤出效应的研究文献综述

积极财政政策否存在挤出效应一直是目前学术界争论的焦点,存在这样的两种观点：一是以吴俊培为代表,认为积极财政政策具有一定的挤出效应,另外一种以郭庆旺为代表,则否认我国的积极财政政策具有挤出效应。财政加大生产性支出有助于提高社会资本收益率水平,因为在其他条件不变的情况下,民间投资与资本收益率正相关,证明了财政投资不排挤私人投资。     

技术标准对我国农产品出口的制约及对策研究——基于中日农产品贸易实践

在标准主导国际竞争的当今,我国农产品出口遭遇的技术标准限制愈加频繁。落后的经营模式、标准约束较弱、技术质量意识淡漠以及贸易自由化进程滞缓、国际组织机构助推、消费偏好的变化等分别是我国农产品出口陷入国外标准壁垒困扰的内外部原因。基于中国对日本农产品出口贸易实践,通过构建虚拟增长函数证实了日本《肯定列表》对我国农产品出口所产生的负面影响。为此,我国尚需在农业标准化体系的建设、标准的推广与规范以及经营方式的转变等方面加大力度、加快步伐。     

外汇储备的积极管理:新加坡、挪威的经验与启示

一定规模的外汇储备有助于保持汇率的稳定,保证正常的进口和偿债支出,并能有效应对外部冲击导致的金融风险。但是,中国当前的外汇储备规模已经远远超过了最优规模。本文试图借鉴新加坡和挪威等国的经验,介绍外汇储备的积极管理。新加坡和挪威的经验表明,外汇储备的积极管理可以提高本国储备资产的长期购买力、提升本国的国际竞争力并消除外汇储备增加对宏观政策自主性的影响。在消极外汇储备管理的模式下,中国优化外汇储备的货币结构和资产结构存在一定的局限性。本文对建立中国的外汇储备积极管理体制提出了建议并指出值得注意的若干问题。     

正能城市：概念与评价指标研究

提出并论证了“正能城市”的概念,从能的量值、能的形式和能效提升三方面对其内涵作了深入阐述。举例说明正能城市的形态,指出其与传统资源型城市和低碳城市的区别。同时建立了正能城市的评价指标体系,从总量指标、结构指标、效率指标和政策指标等方面评价城市的正能程度。最后给出了建设正能城市的若干建议。     

全球经济低速增长与通胀"迷局"下的积极财政政策分析

2009年世界正处于一个暗流涌动的转型期。主要经济体在保持低速增长的同时,经济结构中的深层次矛盾却得以调整和化解。在良好复苏前景的支持下,沉淀在经济中的扩张性政策效力开始被激活,通货膨胀的压力骤然增大,但失业问题却更加严峻。总体上我国主要税种的收入呈增长趋势,财政收入体系的自动调节功能得到完善,财政支出重点逐步向社会事务转移,形成了由经济外延性扩张向社会外延性扩张的转变。为防范通货膨胀,支持经济快速复苏,我们应采用带有内部收敛性的政策协同,在推动经济复苏增长的同时,有效防止和控制通货膨胀就成为当前宏观调控政策的首要目标。     

The New Economic Geography

Recently, the 'new economic geography' literature has developed as a theory of the emergence of large agglomerations which relies on increasing returns to scale and transportation costs. This literature builds on diverse intellectual traditions. It combines the insights of traditional regional science with those of modern trade theory and thus attempts to provide an integrative approach to interregional and international trade. The paper surveys this literature and discusses its relation to earlier approaches to similar topics.