浅论影响金属零件加工产品表面质量的因素

产品的性能,尤其是它的可靠性和耐久性,在很大程度上取决于零件表面层的质量。研究机械加工表面质量的目的就是为了掌握机械加工中各种工艺因素对加工表面质量影响的规律,以便运用这些规律来控制加工过程,最终达到改善表面质量、提高产品使用性能的目的。     

组织情绪劳动的架构探析

情绪劳动是有别于体力劳动和智力劳动的另一种劳动形态,它随着服务业的发展渐渐得到了人们的关注。本文从情绪劳动的定义、执行过程及其前因后果变项等四个方面对情绪劳动的整体架构进行了分析和阐述,以期为组织中的情绪劳动管理提供方向。     

农业保险主体风险管理行为分析

农业保险是分散农业风险和灾害补偿的有效方式,是WTO框架下的"绿箱"政策之一,已为许多发达国家所采用。农业保险主体(农户、保险机构、政府)风险管理行为对农业保险的影响,以及农业保险政策对农业保险主体行为的影响是相互作用的。借鉴国外在立法、政府补贴和推动、农业风险分散机制等方面的经验,我们应从以下三个方面来规范和诱导农业保险主体风险管理行为朝着有利于农业保险的方向发展:(1)政府推行农业保险的主要作为;(2)建立有效的风险分散机制;(3)选择规模化生产的地区进行重点试点。     

Prediction,Estimation, and Attribution

The scientific needs and computational limitations of the twentieth century fashioned classical statistical methodology. Both the needs and limitations have changed in the twenty-first, and so has the methodology. Large-scale prediction algorithms—neural nets, deep learning, boosting, support vector machines, random forests—have achieved star status in the popular press. They are recognizable as heirs to the regression tradition, but ones carried out at enormous scale and on titanic datasets. How do these algorithms compare with standard regression techniques such as ordinary least squares or logistic regression? Several key discrepancies will be examined, centering on the differences between prediction and estimation or prediction and attribution (significance testing). Most of the discussion is carried out through small numerical examples.     

A response surface analysis of critical values for the lead-lag ratio with application to high frequency and non-synchronous financial data

Granger causality tests are being supplanted by new methods such as the Lead-Lag Ratio, particularly in finance where data arrives at random times and systematic sampling often produces spurious results. Existing approaches are insufficient; outside of block-sampling using a bootstrap, the lead-lag ratio has generally been assessed against a benchmark of 1 without regard for statistical significance. We use simulations to generate a response surface for the Lead-Lag Ratio. Our modelled critical values are applied to reassess the findings of three previous studies of lead/lag relations between financial return series with high frequency data. Our response surface method proves to be a convenient and efficient alternative to using a bootstrap.     

情绪表现规范正式化程度对情绪劳动策略的非线性影响：自主动机的中介效应

情绪表现规范和情绪劳动策略是情绪劳动研究的两组核心概念，员工将采用何种策略应对组织的情绪表现规范？文章基于自我决定理论，探讨不同形式的情绪表现规范对情绪劳动策略的影响，以及自主动机的中介效应。研究结果表明，情绪表现规范的正式化程度对深层扮演有倒U形影响，对表层扮演有U形影响；当正式化程度较高和较低时，员工会较多采用表层扮演，较少采用深层扮演；当正式化程度适中时，深层扮演水平最高，表层扮演水平最低。自主动机部分中介了情绪表现规范正式化程度对深层扮演的影响，完全中介了情绪表现规范正式化程度对表层扮演的影响。     

表层扮演对员工离职倾向的影响：情绪耗竭的中介作用与组织支持的调节效应

随着消费经济的兴起与服务业的发展，企业服务性岗位员工因情绪劳动引发的负面效应越来越受到理论界和实践界的关注。文章基于资源保护理论与组织支持理论，以通讯公司客服人员为研究对象，探讨表层扮演对离职倾向的影响机制，重点分析情绪耗竭的中介作用与组织支持的调节效应。研究发现：表层扮演会影响员工的离职倾向；情绪耗竭在表层扮演与离职倾向的正向关系间具有完全中介作用；组织支持感和主管支持感对表层扮演和情绪耗竭的关系具有调节效应。研究结论丰富和发展了情绪劳动的理论模型，并提出企业可以采取相应的干预措施缓解员工由于表层扮演带来的情绪耗竭和离职倾向问题。     

Emotional labor and family quality: the role of work-family positive spillover

There is increasing research interest in both types of emotional labor at work (i.e. surface acting and deep acting), but the effects of emotional labor at work on employees’ emotional labor at home and their family members’ family quality have not yet been explored. Drawing on work-family enrichment theory, this study investigated the mechanism underlying the relationship between employees’ emotional labor at work and their spouses’ perceived family quality by focusing on the mediating role of employees’ emotional labor at home and the moderating role of work-to-family positive spillover (WFPS). The results from a time-lagged three-wave survey of 193 Chinese employee-spouse dyads indicated that surface acting at home mediated the relationship between surface acting at work and spousal ratings of family quality. Although deep acting at work was positively related to deep acting at home, deep acting at home was not significantly related to family quality. WFPS strengthened the relationship between surface acting at work and surface acting at home. This study extends emotional labor theories to the family domain and provides insights into the mediating mechanisms and boundary condition through which emotional labor at work relates to spouses’ perceptions of family quality. The implications for theory and management practice are discussed.     

Hotel employees’ fun climate at work: Effects on work-family conflict and employee deep acting through a collectivistic perspective

Although the importance of workplace fun in hospitality organizations has been emphasized by scholars, discussion of the mechanism of a workplace fun climate in collectivistic cultural contexts is still rare in current literature. Therefore, based on a collectivistic perspective, this study aims to examine the effects of a three-component fun climate at work (socializing with coworkers, celebrating at work, and global fun at work) on employee deep acting and work-family conflict. A total of 389 usable survey responses were collected from full-time hotel employees in China. The results of this study reveal that socializing with coworkers and celebrating at work enhance global fun at work. Moreover, global fun at work significantly reduces employees’ work-family conflict and strengthens their deep acting at work. Findings of this study not only contribute to knowledge of understanding workplace fun climate in hospitality literature but also offer valuable practical implications to the hospitality industry.     

Economic analysis of paliperidone long-acting injectable for chronic schizophrenia in Portugal

Objective: Patients with chronic schizophrenia suffer a huge burden, as do their families/caregivers. Treating schizophrenia is costly for health systems. The European Medicines Agency has approved paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI; Xeplion), an atypical antipsychotic depot; however, its pharmacoeconomic profile in Portugal is unknown. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the viewpoint of the Portuguese National Health Service.

Methods: PP-LAI was compared with long acting injectables risperidone (RIS-LAI) and haloperidol (HAL-LAI) and oral drugs (olanzapine; oral-OLZ) adapting a 1-year decision tree to Portugal, guided by local experts. Clinical information and costs were obtained from literature sources and published lists. Outcomes included relapses (both requiring and not requiring hospitalization) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Costs were expressed in 2014 euros. Economic outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs); including cost-utility (outcome?=?QALYs) and cost-effectiveness analyses (outcomes?=?relapse/hospitalization/emergency room (ER) visit avoided).

Results: The base-case cost of oral-OLZ was 4447€ (20% drugs/20% medical/60% hospital); HAL-LAI cost 4474€ (13% drugs/13% medical/74% hospital); PP-LAI cost 5326€ (49% drugs/12% medical/39% hospital); RIS-LAI cost 6223€ (44% drugs/12% medical/44% hospital). Respective QALYs/hospitalizations/ER visits were oral-OLZ: 0.761/0.615/0.242; HAL-LAI: 0.758/0.623/0.250; PP-LAI: 0.823/0.288/0.122; RIS-LAI: 0.799/0.394/0.168. HAL-LAI was dominated by oral-OLZ and RIS-LAI by PP-LAI for all outcomes. The ICER of PP-LAI over oral-OLZ was 14,247€/QALY, well below NICE/Portuguese thresholds (≈24,800€/30,000€/QALY). ICERs were 1973€/relapse avoided and 2697€/hospitalization avoided. Analyses were robust against most variations in input values, as PP-LAI was cost-effective over oral-OLZ in >99% of 10,000 simulations.

Conclusion: In Portugal, PP-LAI dominated HAL-LAI and RIS-LAI and was cost-effective over oral-OLZ with respect to QALYs gained, relapses avoided, and hospitalizations avoided.