中国对外贸易可持续发展的实证分析——基于主成分方法

以可持续发展目标为出发点，从经济发展、社会人口、资源环境和科技进步等方面架构起中国对外贸易可持续发展的指标体系，并采用多元统计方法中的主成分分析法建立综合分析评价模型，对中国对外贸易可持续发展的状况进行定量分析，力图为中国对外贸易可持续发展指标体系的理论研究和实践提供一套可行方案。     

Business models for material efficiency services: Conceptualization and application

Despite the abundant research on material flows and the growing recognition of the need to dematerialize the economy, business enterprises are still not making the best possible use of the many opportunities for material efficiency improvements. This article proposes one possible solution: material efficiency services provided by outside suppliers. It also introduces a conceptual framework for the analysis of different business models for eco-efficient services and applies the framework to material efficiency services. Four business models are outlined and their feasibility is studied from an empirical vantage point. In contrast to much of the previous research, special emphasis is laid on the financial aspects. It appears that the most promising business models are ‘material efficiency as additional service’ and ‘material flow management service’. Depending on the business model, prominent material efficiency service providers differ from large companies that offer multiple products and/or services to smaller, specialized providers. Potential clients (users) typically lack the resources (expertise, management's time or initial funds) to conduct material efficiency improvements themselves. Customers are more likely to use material efficiency services that relate to support materials or side-streams rather than those that are at the core of production. Potential client organizations with a strategy of outsourcing support activities and with experience of outsourcing are more keen to use material efficiency services.     

Economic principles and fundamental model of the sustainable utilization of ecological resources

1. Introduction The mainstream of present economy is the green eco-economy, including green products, green production, green consumption, green market, green industry, and so on. These are the concrete demands of sustainable development for economic life. With the development of economy, society and science and technology and the increase of the population, the abundant ecological resources become more and more scarce [1]. So the quantity and quality of eco- logical resources can’t increasin…     

Wealth and sustainable development: the role of David Pearce

Green net national product was thought to be one way of measuring sustainable income. However, David Pearce understood that a better measure of sustainable development was to look at what a generation is leaving in form of capital assets to later generations. In this article, his arguments and insights are highlighted against recent theoretical advances.     

服务业和制造业企业法人绩效比较

本文运用累积分布曲线分析经济普查数据发现,服务业和制造业企业法人相比,前者装备一个劳动力所需的资产量更多;前者的财务和经济效益比后者差;进入前者的投资门槛不比后者低。这些经验证据与大量理论和政策分析中的流行认识存在巨大反差。本文的经验发现提醒我们:在目前国情之下,大量资金投入服务业(尤其是生产性服务业和现代服务业)企业的机会成本,大于投入制造业企业的机会成本。所以,服务业发展应该分门别类、实事求是地推进。把发展服务业作为产业结构“升级”和经济增长方式转变重要途径的看法,也需要进一步深入分析。     

Environmental tax policy in a model of growth cycles

Summary. The purpose of this paper is to consider environmental taxation which would control emissions of firms in a model of growth cycles. In the model presented below, the economy may experience two phases of growth and environmental quality: “the no-innovation growth regime” and “the innovation-led growth regime”. Aggregate capital and environmental quality remain constant in the no-innovation growth regime, while they perpetually increase in the innovation-led growth regime. The paper shows that the tax plays a key role in determining whether the economy stably converges to one of the two regimes or fluctuates permanently between them. It also shows that there is a critical level of the tax and that the economy obtains higher growth rates of capital and environmental quality by raising (or reducing) the tax if the initial tax is below (or above) the critical level. Received: April 2, 2001; revised version: March 21, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" This research reported here was conducted within the research project “Project on Intergenerational Equity” at Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. I am deeply grateful to an anonymous referee for his or her insightful comments, which greatly improved the paper. I also thank Hiroshi Honda, Yasuo Maeda, Yuji Nakayama, and participants in workshops at Hitotsubashi University, Kyoto University, Nagoya University, Osaka University, University of Tsukuba, Yokohama National University, and University of Tokyo for their valuable comments and suggestions. Any remaining errors are mine.     

长期经济成长与实际汇率演变

巴拉萨—萨缪尔森效应对一国经济成长过程中劳动生产率追赶与实际汇率变动之间联系提出了理论推测。本文介绍巴拉萨—萨缪尔森效应假说理论内容和经验研究文献,利用国别截面数据与时间序列数据考查其主要经验证据。本文还讨论了巴拉萨—萨缪尔森效应假说对研究人民币实际汇率问题的借鉴意义。     

城市增长控制:实证研究与理论模型

综合了40多年来关于城市增长控制的研究成果,从实证分析角度的总结认为,城市增长控制会改善社区质量,提高城市区的土地价格和住房价格;从城市空间理论角度分析了城市增长控制的理论模型,理论模型可以解释实证结果,城市增长控制会提高城市土地所有者的地租,同时住房价格的提高会减少消费者的其他消费,从而会损坏消费者(尤其是租户)的利益.     

中国农业劳动生产率增长的特点与路径分析

在考察农业生产效率的众多指标中,农业劳动生产率是重要而实用的指标。农业劳动生产率的提高是中国传统农业向现代农业转变的重要标志。本文采取回归分析的方法,运用1952～2003年的有关数据,探讨了中国农业劳动生产率增长的阶段与特点,描述了中国农业劳动生产率增长的资本投入机制、劳动力投入机制、生产率积累机制,将农业劳动生产率的增长方式划分为六种类型,揭示了中国农业劳动生产率增长路径。     

论济南近代历史文化特质资源的价值与持续利用

文化是人类历史与智慧的结晶。保护历史文化物质环境和自然环境,有效利用城市文化资源,是后来人应永恒关注的课题。在现代城市快速发展情况下,如何持续利用这些宝贵资源,值得我们认真研究探讨。本文选取济南近代历史文化特质资源的一部分,在研究其特有价值前提下,分析了其目前的生存状况,并提出了对于这些历史文化特质资源持续利用的相应对策。